Quantum metrics from length functions on quantum groups

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2025.111256MaRDI QIDQ6879047zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 5 January 2026

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JFA.2025.111256

noncommutative geometry quantum groups quantum metric spaces spectral triples

Other ``noncommutative mathematics based on (C^*)-algebra theory (46L89) Geometry of quantum groups (58B32) Noncommutative geometry (à la Connes) (58B34)

Review text

The theory of quantum metric spaces initiated by Rieffel successfully incorporated the classical concept of metric spaces into the theory of noncommutative geometry. This paper studies the approach to constructing examples of quantum metric spaces out of compact quantum groups \(C\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \) and some associated spectral triples, and successfully shows that the well-known matrix quantum groups \(C\left( SU\left( 2\right) \right) \), \(C\left( O_{2}^{+}\right) \), \(C\left( SO\left( 3\right) \right) \), and \(C\left( S_{4}^{+}\right) \) carry a quantum metric space structure.\N\NRecall that a pair \(\left( \chi,L\right) \) of an operator system \(\chi\) (meaning a self-adjoint unital subspace of a C*-algebra) and a *-symmetric seminorm \(L\) on \(\chi\) with \(L\left( 1\right) =0\) is called a compact quantum metric space if the weak* topology on the state space \(\mathcal{S} \left( \chi\right) \) of \(\chi\) is metrized by the extended metric \(d_{L}\) with \(d_{L}\left( \mu,\nu\right) \) defined as the sup-norm of the restriction of \(\mu-\nu\) to the `unit ball' \(\left\{ x\in\chi:L\left( x\right) \leq1\right\} \) for \(\mu,\nu\in\mathcal{S}\left( \chi\right) \). Many interesting examples are provided by some spectral triple \(\left( \mathcal{A},H,D\right) \) of a C*-algebras \(A\) with seminorm \(L_{D}\) on \(\mathcal{A}\) defined as the `commutator-seminorm' \(L_{D}\left( a\right) =\left\Vert \left[ D,a\right] \right\Vert \) for \(a\in\mathcal{A}\), including the spectral triple \(\left( \mathbb{C}\Gamma,\ell^{2}\left( \Gamma\right) ,D_{\ell}\right) \) of the reduced group C*-algebra \(C_{red}^{\ast}\left( \Gamma\right) \) for some discrete groups \(\Gamma\) with a proper length function \(\ell:\Gamma\rightarrow\lbrack0,\infty)\), where \(D_{\ell}\) is essentially the multiplication operator by the function \(\ell\). A spectral triple \(\left( \mathcal{A},H,D\right) \) with \(\left( \mathcal{A} ,L_{D}\right) \) being a quantum metric space is called a spectral metric space.\N\NThis paper works on more general compact quantum groups \(C\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \), other than \(C_{red}^{\ast}\left( \Gamma\right) \), with a proper length function \(\ell:\mathrm{Irred}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \rightarrow\lbrack0,\infty)\) on the discrete space \(\mathrm{Irred}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \) of equivalence classes of all irreducible corepresentations of \(C\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \), such that \(\ell ^{-1}\left( 0\right) =\left\{ e\right\} \) the trivial one-dimensional corepresentation, \(\ell\left( \overline{\alpha}\right) =\ell\left( \alpha\right) \) for all \(\alpha\), and \(\ell\left( \gamma_{0}\right) \leq\ell\left( \alpha\right) +\ell\left( \beta\right) \) for any \(\gamma_{0}\) `subordinate to' the tensor product \(\alpha\boxtimes\beta\) of corepresentations \(\alpha,\beta\), i.e. with \(N_{\alpha,\beta}^{\gamma_{0}} \neq0\) in the decomposition \(\alpha\boxtimes\beta\cong\sum_{\gamma \in\mathrm{Irred}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) }N_{\alpha,\beta}^{\gamma}\gamma\). When \(\mathrm{Irred}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \) is generated by a finite subset \(S\) in the sense that any element of \(\mathrm{Irred}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \) is subordinate to a tensor product of elements in \(S\), a length function \(\ell_{S}\) arises as the word length function with respect to \(S\), i.e. \(\ell_{S}\left( \alpha\right) \) equals the smallest \(k\) such that \(\alpha\) is subordinate to a tensor product of \(k\) elements in \(S\), for example, the fundamental corepresentation of the quantum \(SU\left( 2\right) \) forms a singleton generating set \(S\). Similar to the above mentioned case of discrete groups \(\Gamma\), such a proper length function \(\ell\) on \(\mathrm{Irred}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \) gives rise to a spectral triple \(\left( \mathrm{Pol}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) ,L^{2}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) ,D_{\ell}\right) \) of \(C\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \) and an associated commutator-seminorm \(L_{\ell}\), where \(\mathrm{Pol}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \) is the linear span of matrix elements \(u_{ij}^{\alpha}\) of \(\alpha\in\mathrm{Irred}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \), \(L^{2}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \) is the GNS-representation space associated with the Haar state \(h\) of \(C\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \), and \(D_{\ell}\) is essentially the multiplication operator on \(\mathrm{Pol}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \subset L^{2}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \) by the pullback \(\tilde{\ell}\) of \(\ell\) defined by \(\tilde{\ell}\left( u_{ij}^{\alpha}\right) :=\ell\left( \alpha\right) \).\N\NWhen a compact quantum group \(\mathbb{G}\) is coamenable, i.e. its counit \(\epsilon:\mathrm{Pol}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \rightarrow\mathbb{C}\) can be extended to \(C\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \), and of Kac-type, i.e. the Haar state \(h\) is tracial, it is shown that \(\left( C\left( \mathbb{G}\right) ,L_{\ell}\right) \) is a quantum metric space if and only if \(\left( C_{z}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) ,L_{\ell}\right) \) is a quantum metric space, where \(C_{z}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \) is the subalgebra of central functions \(a\in C\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \) (i.e. \(\sigma\Delta a=\Delta a\) for the flip automorphism \(\sigma\) on \(C\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \otimes C\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \)). On the other hand, the *-algebra isomorphic character map \(\chi:F\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \rightarrow\mathrm{Pol} _{z}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \) defined by \(\chi\left( \alpha\right) :=\sum_{i}u_{ii}^{\alpha}\) for \(\alpha\in\mathrm{Irred}\left( \mathbb{G} \right) \) (identified with \(\delta_{\alpha}\in F\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \)) for the fusion algebra \(F\left( \mathbb{G}\right) :=C_{c}\left( \mathrm{Irred}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \right) \) equipped with the fusion product \(\alpha\cdot\beta:=\sum_{\gamma\in\mathrm{Irred}\left( \mathbb{G} \right) }N_{\alpha,\beta}^{\gamma}\gamma\) essentially provides a unitary equivalence between the spectral triple \(\left( F\left( \mathbb{G}\right) ,\ell^{2}\left( \mathrm{Irred}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \right) ,\tilde {D}_{\ell}\right) \) and the spectral triple \(\left( \mathrm{Pol}_{z}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) ,L_{z}^{2}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) ,D_{\ell}\right) \) of \(C_{z}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \) embedded in \(\left( \mathrm{Pol}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) ,L^{2}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) ,D_{\ell}\right) \), where \(\tilde{D}_{\ell}\) is the multiplication operator by the length function \(\ell\), and \(\mathrm{Pol}_{z}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) ,L_{z}^{2}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \) are defined just like \(C_{z}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \). So \(\left( C_{z}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) ,L_{\ell}\right) \) is a quantum metric space if \(\left( F\left( \mathbb{G}\right) ,\ell^{2}\left( \mathrm{Irred}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \right) ,\tilde{D}_{\ell}\right) \) is a spectral metric space. For a compact matrix quantum group \(\mathbb{G}\) with the fundamental unitary corepresentation \(v\) being equivalent to its conjugate \(\overline{v}\), the authors derive that if the length function \(\ell_{S}:\mathrm{Irred}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \rightarrow\mathbb{N}_{0}\) associated with the generating set \(S=\left\{ v\right\} \) is injective and the set of structure constants \(\left\{ N_{\alpha,\beta}^{\gamma} :\alpha,\beta,\gamma\in\mathrm{Irred}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \right\} \) is bounded, then \(\left( F\left( \mathbb{G}\right) ,\ell^{2}\left( \mathrm{Irred}\left( \mathbb{G}\right) \right) ,\tilde{D}_{\ell_{S}}\right) \) is a spectral metric space.\N\NApplying the above results, the authors show that each of the matrix quantum groups \(C\left( SU\left( 2\right) \right) \), \(C\left( O_{2}^{+}\right) \), \(C\left( SO\left( 3\right) \right) \), and \(C\left( S_{4}^{+}\right) \) when equipped with the seminorm \(L_{\ell}\) is a compact quantum metric space, where \(\ell\) is the length function arising from fundamental corepresentation.

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Quantum Wasserstein distances for quantum permutation groups

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