Random equations in nilpotent groups.

Asymptotic results on counting functions for algebraic and topological structures (11N45) Free nonabelian groups (20E05) Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Word problems, other decision problems, connections with logic and automata (group-theoretic aspects) (20F10) Nilpotent groups (20F18) Asymptotic properties of groups (20F69) Algebraic geometry over groups; equations over groups (20F70) Probabilistic methods in group theory (20P05)

Abstract: In this paper we study satisfiability of random equations in an infinite finitely generated nilpotent group G. We show that the set SAT(G,k) of all equations in k > 1 variables over G which are satisfiable in G has an intermediate asymptotic density in the space of all equations in k variables over G. When G is a free abelian group of finite rank, we compute this density precisely; otherwise we give some non-trivial upper and lower bounds. For k = 1 the set SAT(G,k) is negligible. Usually the asymptotic densities of interesting sets in groups are either zero or one. The results of this paper provide new examples of algebraically significant sets of intermediate asymptotic density.

Review text

In the article under review the authors study satisfiability of random equations in an infinite finitely generated nilpotent group \(G\). Let \(\text{Sat}(G,k)\) be the set of all satisfiable equations over \(G\) in \(k\) variables. For a free Abelian group \(A_m\) of rank \(m\) they show that the asymptotic density \(\rho(\text{Sat}(A_m,k))\) of the set \(\text{Sat}(A_m,k)\) (in the whole space of all equations in \(k\) variables over \(G\)) is equal to \(0\) for \(k=1\), and is equal to \(\zeta(k+m)/\zeta(k)\) for \(k\geq 2\). More generally, if \(G\) is a finitely generated nilpotent infinite group, then again the asymptotic density of the set \(\text{Sat}(G,1)\) is \(0\). For \(k\geq 2\) they give robust estimates for the upper and lower asymptotic densities of the set \(\text{Sat}(G,k)\). In fact, they prove that these densities lie in the interval from \((1/t(G))(\zeta(k+h(G))/\zeta(k))\) to \(\zeta(k+m)/\zeta(k)\), where \(h(G)\) is the Hirsch length of \(G\), \(t(G)\) is the order of lower central torsion of \(G\), and \(m\) is the torsionfree rank (Hirsch length) of the Abelianization of \(G\).

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