On the asymptotics of visible elements and homogeneous equations in surface groups.

DOI10.4171/GGD/167MaRDI QIDQ1932129zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Yago Antolín, Laura Ciobanu, Noèlia Viles

Publication date 17 January 2013

Published in Groups, Geometry, and Dynamics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2463

zbMATH Keywords

asymptotic densitiesfree groupshomogeneous equationssplit equationssurface groupsvisible elements

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Free nonabelian groups (20E05) Word problems, other decision problems, connections with logic and automata (group-theoretic aspects) (20F10) Asymptotic properties of groups (20F69) Algebraic geometry over groups; equations over groups (20F70) Analysis of algorithms and problem complexity (68Q25)

Abstract: Let $F$ be a group whose abelianization is $$, $kgeq2.$ An element of $F$ is called visible if its image in the abelianization is visible, that is, the greatest common divisor of its coordinates is 1. In this paper we compute three types of densities, annular, even and odd spherical, of visible elements in surface groups. We then use our results to show that the probability of a homogeneous equation in a surface group to have solutions is neither 0 nor 1, as the lengths of the right- and left-hand side of the equation go to infinity.

Review text

For any positive integer \(n\geq 2\), let \(G\) be a group whose Abelianization \(G/G'\) is \(\mathbb Z^n\), the free Abelian group of rank \(n\). An element \(g\in G\) is said to be \textit{visible} if its image \(\overline g\) can be included in a basis of the Abelianization. In the paper under review three types of densities, annular, even and odd spherical w.r.t. the word metric in \(G\) of the subset of all visible elements are considered in the case of surface groups. The derived results are used to show that the corresponding asymptotic density of solvable split equations in a surface group under some assumptions is neither 0 nor 1. Recall that a split equation has the form \(w(x_1,\ldots,x_m)=g\), where the left-hand side is coefficient-free, and \(g\in G\). Similar results in the case of a free group \(F\) have been established by \textit{R. H. Gilman, A. Myasnikov} and \textit{V. Roman'kov} [Groups Complex. Cryptol. 3, No. 2, 257-284 (2011; Zbl 1278.20088)].

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Cites work

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Cited in

(2)

• Densities in free groups and \(\mathbb{Z}^k\), visible points and test elements.
• Random systems of equations in free abelian groups.

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