Signs of Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight modular forms

DOI10.1007/S00208-020-02123-0MaRDI QIDQ2664162zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors S. J. Lester, Maksym Radziwiłł

Publication date 20 April 2021

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.05811

zbMATH Keywords

\(L\)-functionsgeneralized Riemann hypothesisHecke cusp form

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms (11F30) Forms of half-integer weight; nonholomorphic modular forms (11F37)

Abstract: Let $g$ be a Hecke cusp form of half-integral weight, level $4$ and belonging to Kohnen's plus subspace. Let $c(n)$ denote the $n$th Fourier coefficient of $g$, normalized so that $c(n)$ is real for all $ngeq1$. A theorem of Waldspurger determines the magnitude of $c(n)$ at fundamental discriminants $n$ by establishing that the square of $c(n)$ is proportional to the central value of a certain $L$-function. The signs of the sequence $c(n)$ however remain mysterious. Conditionally on the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we show that $c(n)<0$ and respectively $c(n)>0$ holds for a positive proportion of fundamental discriminants $n$. Moreover we show that the sequence $c(n)$ where $n$ ranges over fundamental discriminants changes sign a positive proportion of the time. Unconditionally, it is not known that a positive proportion of these coefficients are non-zero and we prove results about the sign of $c(n)$ which are of the same quality as the best known non-vanishing results. Finally we discuss extensions of our result to general half-integral weight forms $g$ of level $4N$ with $N$ odd, square-free.

Review text

Let \(g(z):= \sum_{n \geq 1} c(n) n^{\frac{k-1/2}{2}} e(nz) \) be a half-integral weight \(k+1/2\) modular form of level \(4\) in Kohnen-plus space and \(k \geq 2\). Suppose that \(g(z)\) is normalized for all \(n \geq 1\) such that it has real Fourier coefficients. The arithmetic of Fourier coefficients receives much attention and it is widely studied. For instance, as in the case of the paper under review, th ecelebrated Waldspurger's theorem relates \(|c(|d|)|^2\) with the central value of an \(L\)-function. That means the magnitude of the \(L\)-function essentially determines the size of the coefficient \(c(n)\). Of course, in this case, the signs of \(c(n)\) remains as an open question. In the paper under review, it is aimed to understand the sign of such coefficients at fundamental discriminants through examining the number of coefficients which are positive (respectively negative) as well as the number of sign changes in-between. Conditionally on the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis (GRH), the authors show that \(c(n) < 0\) and respectively \(c(n) > 0\) holds for a positive proportion of fundamental discriminants \(n\). (Theorem 1). There are two unconditional results in the paper which are weaker than above: (i) For any \(\varepsilon\) and all \(X\) sufficiently large the sequence \(\{ c(n) \}_{n \in \mathbb{N}_{g}^{\flat} (X) }\) has \(\gg X^{1-\varepsilon}\) sign changes where \(\mathbb{N}_{g}^{\flat} (X):=\{ n \in \mathbb{N}^{\flat} \cap [1, X] : c(n) \neq 0 \}\) and \(\mathbb{N}^\flat\) denotes the set of fundamental discriminants of the form \(8n\) with \(n > 0\) odd, square-free. (Theorem 2) (ii) For all sufficiently large \(X\), \[ \# \{ n \leq X : c(n) \lessgtr 0 \} \gg \frac{X}{\log X} .\] (Theorem 3) Finally they work the same problem for higher levels, more precisely they discuss the same problem for general half-integral weight forms \(g\) of level \(4N\) with \(N\) odd, square-free. The proof of Theorem 1 is based on effective use of Waldspurger's theorem in sense of \textit{W. Kohnen} and \textit{D. Zagier} [Invent. Math. 64, 175--198 (1981; Zbl 0468.10015)]. Classical analytical tools are used in the proof of Theorem 2 and 3.

Recommendations

• Sign changes of Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight cusp forms
• The sign of Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight cusp forms
• A short remark on sign changes of Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight modular forms
• Sign of Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight modular forms in arithmetic progressions
• Sign changes of coefficients of half integral weight modular forms

Cites work

• A mean value estimate for real character sums
• A note on the Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight modular forms
• An additive problem in the Fourier coefficients of cusp forms
• Averages of twisted elliptic L-functions
• Explicit upper bounds for 𝐿-functions on the critical line
• Fourier coefficients and modular forms of half-integral weight
• Fourier coefficients of cusp forms of half-integral weight
• Hecke operators on \(\Gamma_0(m)\)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 421684 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1055088 (Why is no real title available?)
• Modular forms of half-integral weight on _0(4)
• Moments and distribution of central L-values of quadratic twists of elliptic curves
• Moments of the Riemann zeta function
• Newforms of half-integral weight.
• Newforms of half-integral weight: the minus space counterpart
• Non-vanishing of quadratic twists of modular L-functions
• Nonvanishing of quadratic Dirichlet \(L\)-functions at \(s=\frac{1}{2}\)
• On Hilbert modular forms of half-integral weight
• On modular forms of half integral weight
• On Shimura’s trace formula
• On the signs of Fourier coefficients of cusp forms
• Quantum unique ergodicity for half-integral weight automorphic forms
• Sign changes of coefficients of half integral weight modular forms
• Sign changes of Hecke eigenvalues
• Sign of Fourier coefficients of modular forms of half-integral weight
• The average analytic rank of elliptic curves
• The second moment of quadratic twists of modular L-functions
• The sign of Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight cusp forms
• Values of L-series of modular forms at the center of the critical strip

Cited in

(25)

• Fourier coefficients of cusp forms of half-integral weight
• A short remark on sign changes of Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight modular forms
• Bounds for moments of cubic and quartic Dirichlet L-functions
• Distribution of toric periods of modular forms on definite quaternion algebras
• Sign of Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight modular forms in arithmetic progressions
• Non-vanishing and sign changes of Hecke eigenvalues for half-integral weight cusp forms
• On the splitting conjecture in the hybrid model for the Riemann zeta function
• The sign of Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight cusp forms
• Sign changes of coefficients of half integral weight modular forms
• Equidistribution of signs for modular eigenforms of half integral weight
• Nonvanishing for cubic L-functions
• On the distribution of coefficients of half-integral weight modular forms and the Bruinier-Kohnen conjecture
• Multiplicative Functions and the Sign of Maass Form Fourier Coefficients
• The Ratios Conjecture and upper bounds for negative moments of 𝐿-functions over function fields
• On signs of Fourier coefficients of Hecke-Maass cusp forms on 𝐺𝐿₃
• ON FUNDAMENTAL FOURIER COEFFICIENTS OF SIEGEL CUSP FORMS OF DEGREE 2
• The distribution of values of zeta and \(L\)-functions
• Large Fourier coefficients of half-integer weight modular forms
• Simultaneous extreme values of zeta and \(L\)-functions
• On the real zeroes of half-integral weight Hecke cusp forms
• A survey of moment bounds for (s): from Heath-Brown's work to the present
• Weighted central limit theorems for central values of L-functions
• Explicit quadratic large sieve inequality
• Simultaneous nonvanishing of Dirichlet L-functions in Galois orbits
• On the signs of Fourier coefficients of Hilbert cusp forms

This page was built for publication: Signs of Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight modular forms

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2664162)