Slow-fast normal forms arising from piecewise smooth vector fields

DOI10.1007/S10883-023-09657-XMaRDI QIDQ6145763zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Otavio Henrique Perez, Gabriel Rondón, Paulo R. da Silva

Publication date 9 January 2024

Published in Journal of Dynamical and Control Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.02263

zbMATH Keywords

geometric singular perturbation theorypiecewise smooth vector fieldsregularization of piecewise smooth vector fieldstransition function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Discontinuous ordinary differential equations (34A36) Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations (34C05) Transformation and reduction of ordinary differential equations and systems, normal forms (34C20) Singular perturbations for ordinary differential equations (34E15) Approximations and expansions (41A99)

Abstract: We studied piecewise smooth differential systems of the form ${\displaystyle }$dot{z} = Z(z) = dfrac{1 + operatorname{sgn}(F)}{2}X(z) + dfrac{1 - operatorname{sgn}(F)}{2}Y(z),${\displaystyle }$ where $F:mathbb{R}^{n}ightarrowmathbbR$ is a smooth map having 0 as a regular value. We consider linear regularizations of the vector field $Z$ given by ${\displaystyle }$dot{z}= Z_{varepsilon}(z) = dfrac{1 + varphi(F/varepsilon)}{2}X(z) +dfrac{1 - varphi(F /varepsilon)}{2}Y(z),${\displaystyle }$where $varphi$ is a transition function (not necessarily monotonic) and nonlinear regularizations of the vector field $Z$ whose transition function is monotonic. It is a well-known fact that the regularized system is a slow-fast system. The main contribution of this paper is the study of typical singularities of slow-fast systems that arise from (linear or nonlinear) regularizations. We developed an algorithm to construct suitable transition functions, and we apply these ideas in order to create slow-fast singularities from normal forms of piecewise smooth vector fields. We present examples of transition functions that, after regularization of a PSVF normal form, generate normally hyperbolic, fold, transcritical, and pitchfork singularities.

Review text

In this paper, the authors study the relation between slow-fast and piecewise smooth systems of vector fields (with the latter also known as Fillipov systems). More precisely, the authors study how typical SF-singularities (singularities of slow-fast systems) arises from different types of regularization of PS-singularities (singularities of piecewise smooth systems). They consider linear and non-linear regularizations, with monotonic and non-monotonic transitions functions. The paper has tree main results. In the first main result they study the linear regularizations, proving that critical points of the transition function results in non normally hyperbolic points of the SF-system. Moreover, under certain conditions the regularized sliding region is greater then the classical Fillipov sliding region. In the second main result the authors prove that normally-hyperbolic points, SF-fold and SF-transcritical singularities are realizable by linear regularizations of PS-systems, while SF-pitchfork singularities are not. In the third main result the authors prove SF-pitchfork singularities are realizable by non-linear regularizations.

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Cited in

(6)

• The hyperbolic umbilic singularity in fast-slow systems
• Slow divergence integral in regularized piecewise smooth systems
• Canard cycles of non-linearly regularized piecewise smooth vector fields
• Symmetries and regularization in planar piecewise smooth systems
• Cyclicity of sliding cycles with singularities of regularized piecewise smooth visible-invisible two-folds
• An unbounded number of canard limit cycles in linear regularizations of piecewise linear systems

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