Small-time heat kernel asymptotics at the sub-Riemannian cut locus

DOI10.4310/JDG/1354110195MaRDI QIDQ1943229zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Davide Barilari, Ugo Boscain, Robert W. Neel

Publication date 19 March 2013

Published in Journal of Differential Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1201.3023, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jdg/1354110195

zbMATH Keywords

cut locusgeodesicGrushin planeheat kernelHeisenberg groupsub-Riemannian structure

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Heat kernel (35K08) Sub-Riemannian geometry (53C17) Heat and other parabolic equation methods for PDEs on manifolds (58J35)

Abstract: For a sub-Riemannian manifold provided with a smooth volume, we relate the small time asymptotics of the heat kernel at a point $y$ of the cut locus from $x$ with roughly "how much" $y$ is conjugate to $x$. This is done under the hypothesis that all minimizers connecting $x$ to $y$ are strongly normal, i.e. all pieces of the trajectory are not abnormal. Our result is a refinement of the one of Leandre $4tlog{p}_t(x,y)o-d^2(x,y)$ for $to0$, in which only the leading exponential term is detected. Our results are obtained by extending an idea of Molchanov from the Riemannian to the sub-Riemannian case, and some details we get appear to be new even in the Riemannian context. These results permit us to obtain properties of the sub-Riemannian distance starting from those of the heat kernel and vice versa. For the Grushin plane endowed with the Euclidean volume we get the expansion $p_t(x,y)sim{t}^{-5/4}exp(-d^2(x,y)/4t)$ where $y$ is reached from a Riemannian point $x$ by a minimizing geodesic which is conjugate at $y$.

Review text

Let \(M\) be an \(n\)-dimensional smooth manifold endowed with a complete sub-Riemannian structure and a smooth volume. Relevant results concerning the problem of relating the induced sub-Riemannian distance to the heat kernel were obtained in several papers, e.g. [\textit{G. Ben Arous} and \textit{R. Léandre}, Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 90, No. 3, 377--402 (1991; Zbl 0734.60027); \textit{T. J. S. Taylor}, Pac. J. Math. 136, No. 2, 379--399 (1989; Zbl 0692.35011)]. The main result here relates the heat kernel asymptotics with the so-called hinged energy function on the set of midpoints of all minimizing geodesic connecting \(x\) to \(y\), under the hypothesis that all minimizers connecting \(x\) to \(y\) are strongly normal. This permits to obtain heat kernel asymptotics on the cut locus, filling a gap in the previous literature. The proof uses the asymptotics of Laplace-type integrals and the relation between the degeneracy of the hinged energy function around the midpoints of the minimal geodesic connecting \(x\) to \(y\) and the conjugacy of the minimal geodesic connecting them. Several applications on Heisenberg group, the nilpotent free case, and the Grushin plane are obtained

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