Primitive multiple schemes (Q2049055)

This article studies primitive multiple schemes on a smooth irreducible variety. A primitive multiple scheme is a Cohen-Macaulay scheme \(Y\) such that the associated reduced scheme \(X = Y_{\textrm{red}}\) is smooth and irreducible and \(Y\) can be locally embedded in a smooth variety of dimension \(\textrm{dim}(X)+1\). Let \(Y = X_n\) be a primitive multiple scheme of multiplicity \(n\) with \(X = (X_n)_{\textrm{red}}\). Each primitive multiple scheme structure has a filtration \(X = X_1 \subset X_2 \subset ... \subset X_{n-1} \subset X_n\) where each \(X_i\) is a primitive multiple scheme of multiplicity \(i\). If \(\mathscr{I}_{X_j}\) denotes the ideal sheaf of \(X_j\) inside \(X_n\), then there exist a line bundle \(L\) on \(X\) such that \(\mathscr{I}_{X_j}/\mathscr{I}_{X_{j+1}} = L^j\). \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] It has been shown in [\textit{J.-M. Drézet}, Adv. Geom. 7, No. 4, 559--612 (2007; Zbl 1135.14017)] that \(X_n\) is locally trivial and is hence parametrized by \(H^1(X,\mathscr{G}_n)\) where \(\mathscr{G}_n(U)\) is the group of automorphisms of \(\mathscr{O}_X(U)[t]/(t^n)\). \item[(2)] In \textbf{Proposition} \(4.3.1\), it is shown that \(\mathbb{P}(H^1(T_X \otimes L))\) parametrizes primitive double schemes on \(X\) recovering results of [\textit{Bayer, Dave; Eisenbud, David} Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 347, No. 3, 719-756 (1995). Zbl 0853.14016]. It is then shown in \textbf{Proposition} \(4.3.2\) that obstructions to extending \(X_n\) to a primitive multiple scheme \(X_{n+1}\) lie in \(H^2((\Omega_{X_2|_X})^* \otimes L^n)\) and if there exists such an extension, all such extensions are parametrized by the orbits of the action of \(\textrm{Aut}(X_n)\) on \(H^1((\Omega_{X_2|_X})^* \otimes L^n)\). \item[(3)] The ideal sheaf \(\mathscr{I}_{X,X_n}\) of \(X\) inside \(X_n\) is a line bundle on \(X_{n-1}\). It has been shown in \textbf{Proposition} \(4.5.2\) that the obstructions to extending \(X_n\) to \(X_{n+1}\) such that \(\mathscr{I}_{X,X_{n+1}}|_{X_{n-1}} = \mathscr{I}_{X,X_n}\) lie in \(H^2(T_X \otimes L^n)\). \item[(4)] Suppose that \(\mathbb{E}\) is a vector bundle on \(X_n\). Let \(\mathbb{E}|_X = E\). Suppose \(X_n\) can be extended to \(X_{n+1}\). It is shown in \textbf{Proposition} \(7.1.1\) that the obstructions to extending \(\mathbb{E}\) to \(X_{n+1}\) lie in \(H^2(E \otimes E^* \otimes L^n)\). \item[(5)] Suppose \(\tau_n = \Omega_{X_n}^*\). Let \(\textrm{Aut}_0(X_n)\) is the group of automorphisms of \(X_n\) inducing identity on \(L\). It is shown in \textbf{Theorem} \(6.3.2\) that there is a natural bijection \(\textrm{Aut}_0(X_n) = H^0(X_n, \mathscr{I}_X\tau_n)\) which is not a group homomorphism unless \(n = 2\). \item[(6)] It has been shown in \(7.2.3\) that if \(H^0(X_n, \mathscr{I}_X\tau_n) = 0\) and hence \(\textrm{Aut}(X_n) = \mathbb{C}^*\), the extensions of \(X_n\) to \(X_{n+1}\) are parametrized by a weighted projective space. \item[(7)] As a result of the analysis, it has been shown that for \(X = \mathbb{P}^n\), \(n \geq 3\) there exists only trivial primitive multiple schemes while for \(n = 2\) there exists exactly two non-trivial primitive multiple schemes: \(X_2\) of multiplicity \(2\) corresponding to the line bundle \(\mathscr{O}_{\mathbb{P}^2}(-3)\) and \(X_4\) of multiplicity \(4\) corresponding to the line bundle \(\mathscr{O}_{\mathbb{P}^2}(-1)\), both of which are non-projective (and have trivial dualizing bundle). On the other hand, for rank two projective bundles on a curve there exists infinite nested sequences of primitive multiple schemes (of increasing multiplicity) all of which are projective. \end{itemize}