Sato-Tate distributions of twists of the Fermat and the Klein quartics (Q2319811)

Let \(A\) be an abelian variety of dimension \(g\ge 1\) defined over a number field \(k.\) Let \(\mathrm{ST}(A)\) be the Sato-Tate group of \(A,\) that comes equipped with a map assigning each prime \({\mathfrak p}\) outside a finite set of places of \(k\) to a semisimple conjugacy class \(s({\mathfrak p})\) of \(\mathrm{ST}(A)\) (see [\textit{J.-P. Serre}, Lectures on \(N_X(p)\). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (2012; Zbl 1238.11001)] or [\textit{F. Fité} et al., Compos. Math. 148, No. 5, 1390--1442 (2012; Zbl 1269.11094)]). Let \(X\) be the set of conjugacy classes of \(\mathrm{ST}(A).\) The generalized Sato-Tate conjecture predicts that the sequence \(\{s({\mathfrak p})\}_{{\mathfrak p}}\) is equidistributed on \(X\) with respect to the pushforward of the Haar measure of \(\mathrm{ST}(A)\) to \(X.\) The Sato-Tate conjecture is known for abelian varieties that are \(\overline{\mathbb Q}\)-isogenous to a product of CM-abelian varieties and the Sato-Tate groups for some abelian varieties of low dimensions have been classified. One motivation of this paper under review is to extend the classification of the Sato-Tate groups that are known for abelian varieties of dimension \(g \le 2\) to the case of dimension 3. In this paper, the authors consider the Jacobians, that are \(\bar{\mathbb Q}\)-isogenous to the cube of elliptic curves defined over \(k\), of twists of the Fermat and Klein quartics and classify the Sato-Tate groups of them. This article can thus be viewed as a genus 3 analog of [\textit{F. Fité} and \textit{A. Sutherland}, Algebra Number Theory 8, No. 3, 543--585 (2014; Zbl 1303.14051)] where the Sato-Tate groups of the twists of two genus 2 curves were computed in connection with the Sato-Tate conjecture. The Fermat and Klein quartics considered in this article have the two largest automorphism groups among all genus 3 curves, of size 96 and 168, respectively. There are other special genus 3 curves whose Sato-Tate groups of their certain twists also have been computed (see [\textit{F. Fité} and \textit{A. V. Sutherland}, Contemp. Math. 663, 103--126 (2016; Zbl 1411.11090)] and [\textit{S. Arora} et al., ``The twisting Sato-Tate group of the curve \(y^2 = x^8 - 14 x^4 + 1\)'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1608.06784}]) where the curves considered are all hyperelliptic and their automorphism groups are smaller. The main results give 54 distinct Sato-Tate groups of twists of the Fermat quartics and 23 distinct Sato-Tate groups of twists of the Klein quartics. Moreover, there are 60 distinct Sato-Tate groups in total of twists of the Fermat quartics or the Klein quartics. Related to the generalized Sato-Tate conjecture, weaker versions of the conjecture concerning the distributions of the coefficients of normalized Euler factors of the L-functions of the abelian varieties are discussed. As a consequence of their main results the authors show that the limiting distribution of the normalized Euler factors for abelian threefold is not determined by the limiting distribution of their coefficients a phenomenon that has not appeared in the case of dimension 1 or 2.