New real-variable characterizations of Musielak-Orlicz Hardy spaces (Q441995)

The paper deals with the so called Musielak-Orlicz Hardy spaces \(H^{\varphi}({\mathbb R}^n)\) defined as the spaces of tempered distributions whose grand maximal function \(f^*\) belongs to the Musielak-Orlicz space \(L^{\varphi}({\mathbb R}^n)\), where \(\varphi(x,\cdot)\) is an Orlicz function for any \(x\in {\mathbb R}^n\) and \(\varphi(\cdot, t)\) is a Muckenhoupt \(A_{\infty}({\mathbb R}^n)\) weight for \(t\in[0,\infty)\). Some new real-variable characterizations of \(H^{\varphi}({\mathbb R}^n)\) are established in terms of the boundedness in \(L^{\varphi}\) of vertical or non-tangential maximal functions. First, the authors obtain some inequalities that involve the grand, the vertical and tangential Peetre-type maximal function. Also, by using the Lusin area function characterization of \(H^{\varphi}({\mathbb R}^n)\) previously established in [\textit{S. Hou, D. Yang} and \textit{S. Yang}, ``Lusin area function and molecular characterization of Musielak-Orlicz Hardy spaces and their applications'', \url{arXiv:1201.1945v3}], the Littlewood-Paley \(g\)-function and \(g_{\lambda}\)-function characterizations of these spaces are studied, via first establishing a Fefferman-Stein vector-valued inequality in the context of Musielak-Orlicz function spaces. We remark that the range of \(\lambda\) in the \(g_{\lambda}\)-function characterization of \(H^{\varphi}({\mathbb R}^n)\) coincides with the known best results when \(H^{\varphi}({\mathbb R}^n)\) are both, the classical Hardy space \(H^p({\mathbb R}^n)\), \(0<p\leq 1\), or its weighted variant \(H_{\omega}^p({\mathbb R}^n)\), with \(\omega \in A_q({\mathbb R}^n)\) and \(q\in [1,\infty)\).