Spin models and strongly hyper-self-dual Bose-Mesner algebras (Q5936083)

Let \(X\) be a finite nonempty set of size \(n\). Let \(\mathcal M\) be a Bose-Mesner algebra on \(X\). For fixed \(p\in X\) and for \(A\in {\mathcal M}\) let \(\rho(A)\) denote the diagonal matrix with \((x,x)\)-entry \(\rho(A)(x,x)=A(p,x)\). Set \({\mathcal M}^*=\rho({\mathcal M})\). Then the Terwilliger algebra \({\mathcal T}={\mathcal T}({\mathcal M},p)\) associated with \(\mathcal M\) and \(p\) is the subalgebra of \(M_X\), generated by \({\mathcal M}\cup {\mathcal M}^*\). A hyperduality of \(\mathcal M\) is an automorphism \(\psi\) of \({\mathcal T}\) such that \(\psi({\mathcal M})={\mathcal M}^*\), \(\psi({\mathcal M}^*)={\mathcal M}\), \(\psi^2(A)=\;^tA\) and \(n\psi \rho\) is a formal duality of \({\mathcal M}\). We say that \({\mathcal M}\) is (strongly) hyper-self-dual whenever there exists a hyperduality of \(\mathcal M\) (which can be expressed as conjugation by an invertible element of \({\mathcal T}\)). There exists a Bose-Mesner algebra which is hyper-self-dual, but not strongly hyper-self-dual (Section 6). In Theorem 4.1 the property of strong hyper-self-duality is characterized in terms of \(\mathcal T\)-modules. The main result is Theorem 5.5. Let \(W\) be a spin model on \(X\) and let \(\mathcal M\) be a Bose-Mesner algebra such that \(W\in {\mathcal M}\subset {\mathcal N}(W)\). Fix a base point \(p\in X\), and let \({\mathcal T}\) denote the Terwilliger algebra of \({\mathcal M}\) with respect to \(p\). Let \(K\) belong to \(M_X\) and let \[ K(x,y)=\frac{W(x,p)W(p,y)}{W(x,y)}\quad (x,y\in X). \] Then \(K\in \mathcal T\) and the map \(\psi: A\mapsto K^{-1}AK\) \((A\in {\mathcal T})\) is a hyperduality of \(\mathcal M\).