Sturm-Liouville boundary value problems with operator potentials and unitary equivalence

boundary value problems direct sums of symmetric operators elliptic partial differential operators operator potentials self-adjoint extensions Sturm-Liouville operators unitary equivalence

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Linear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B05) Linear differential equations in abstract spaces (34G10) Dilations, extensions, compressions of linear operators (47A20) Linear symmetric and selfadjoint operators (unbounded) (47B25) General theory of ordinary differential operators (47E05) General theory of partial differential operators (47F05)

Abstract: Consider the minimal Sturm-Liouville operator

A = A_{m m i n}

generated by the differential expression

m a t h c a l A := - f r a c d^{2} d t^{2} + T

in the Hilbert space

L^{2} (m a t h b b R_{+}, m a t h c a l H)

where

T = T^{*} g e 0

in

m a t h c a l H

. We investigate the absolutely continuous parts of different self-adjoint realizations of

m a t h c a l A

. In particular, we show that Dirichlet and Neumann realizations,

A^{D}

and

A^{N}

, are absolutely continuous and unitary equivalent to each other and to the absolutely continuous part of the Krein realization. Moreover, if

i n f s i g m a_{e s s} (T) = i n f s i g m a (T) g e 0

, then the part

of any self-adjoint realization

w i d e h a t A

of

m a t h c a l A

is unitarily equivalent to

A^{D}

. In addition, we prove that the absolutely continuous part

w i d e h a t A^{a c}

of any realization

w i d e h a t A

is unitarily equivalent to

A^{D}

provided that the resolvent difference

(w i d e h a t A - i)^{- 1} - (A^{D} - i)^{- 1}

is compact. The abstract results are applied to elliptic differential expression in the half-space.

Review text

If \(T\) is a nonnegative matrix, then the differential expression \(\mathcal A := - \frac{d^2}{dt^2} + T\) on the half line \({\mathbb R}_+\) and its selfadjoint realizations are well studied. Due to the Kato-Rosenblum theorem, all selfadjoint extensions of the corresponding minimal operator have the same absolutely continuous spectrum and their absolutely continuous parts are unitarily equivalent to the Friedrichs extension corresponding to the Dirichlet boundary value problem.NEWLINENEWLINEThe authors investigate the question whether this result remains valid for \(T\) being a nonnegative operator in a separable Hilbert space \({\mathcal H}\) instead of a matrix. It is shown that this is indeed true for nonnegative parts of realizations if and only if \(\inf \sigma_{ess}(T) = \inf \sigma(T)\). First, the case of a bounded \(T\) and then the case of an unbounded \(T\) is considered. In both cases, for the minimal operator \(A_{\min}\) induced by \(\mathcal A\), the Friedrichs, Neumann and Krein extensions \(A^F, \, A^N, \, A^K\) are identified. It is shown that \(A^F\) and \(A^N\) are absolutely continuous and unitarily equivalent. For an arbitrary selfadjoint extension \(\widetilde{A}\) of \(A_{\min}\), the absolutely continuous part \(\widetilde{A}^{ac}\) is studied. It turns out that \(\widetilde{A}^{ac}\) is unitarily equivalent to \(A^F\) if \(\inf \sigma_{ess}(T) = \inf \sigma(T)\) and \((\widetilde{A} - i)^{-1} - (A^F - i)^{-1}\) is compact.NEWLINENEWLINEThe authors apply the technique of boundary triplets and the corresponding Weyl functions. In particular, they solve a known problem concerning the construction of a boundary triplet with good properties for an infinite direct sum of symmetric operators. Finally, the results are applied to the differential expression \(\mathcal L := - \frac{\partial^2}{\partial t^2} - \sum_{j=1}^n \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_j^2} + q(x)\) in the half space, where \(q\) is a bounded nonnegative function. Here, \(T\) is the minimal operator associated with the Schrödinger expression \(-\Delta_x + q(x)\).

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