Sums of four polygonal numbers: precise formulas

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2025.01.016MaRDI QIDQ7020983zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Jia-lin Li, Haowu Wang

Publication date 3 March 2025

Published in Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNT.2025.01.016

zbMATH Keywords

Fourier coefficients of automorphic formsJacobi formsLagrange's four-square theorempolygonal numbersrepresentations of integers

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Representation problems (11D85) Sums of squares and representations by other particular quadratic forms (11E25) Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms (11F30) Jacobi forms (11F50)

Review text

An explicit and unified formula is given for the number of representations of a positive integer as a sum of four generalized \(m\)-gonal numbers, for all integers \(m\geq 1\). The formula, in which the result is given as a \(\mathbb Z\)-linear combination of Hurwitz class numbers, is obtained through the theory of Jacobi forms on congruence subgroups. The Jacobi forms approach is further used to calculate the number of representations of integers as restricted sums of four squares under a linear condition.\N\NIn an appendix, Jacobi forms on \(\Gamma_0(3)\) are used to derive formulas in terms of Hurwitz class numbers for the Fourier coefficients of \(\vartheta(\tau,z)^2\vartheta(3\tau,3z)^2\). As applications, formulas for the representation numbers of positive integers as sums of four generalized \(m\)-gonal numbers with coefficients \((1, 1, 3, 3)\), and for the Fourier coefficients of cusp forms \(\eta(\tau)^2\eta(3\tau)^2\) and \(\eta(\tau)^6\eta(3\tau)^6\), are obtained.

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