Territorial pattern formation in the absence of an attractive potential
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Abstract: Territoriality is a phenomenon exhibited throughout nature. On the individual level, it is the processes by which organisms exclude others of the same species from certain parts of space. On the population level, it is the segregation of space into separate areas, each used by subsections of the population. Proving mathematically that such individual-level processes can cause observed population-level patterns to form is necessary for linking these two levels of description in a non-speculative way. Previous mathematical analysis has relied upon assuming animals are attracted to a central area. This can either be a fixed geographical point, such as a den- or nest-site, or a region where they have previously visited. However, recent simulation-based studies suggest that this attractive potential is not necessary for territorial pattern formation. Here, we construct a partial differential equation (PDE) model of territorial interactions based on the individual-based model (IBM) from those simulation studies. The resulting PDE does not rely on attraction to spatial locations, but purely on conspecific avoidance, mediated via scent-marking. We show analytically that steady-state patterns can form, as long as (i) the scent does not decay faster than it takes the animal to traverse the terrain, and (ii) the spatial scale over which animals detect scent is incorporated into the PDE. As part of the analysis, we develop a general method for taking the PDE limit of an IBM that avoids destroying any intrinsic spatial scale in the underlying behavioral decisions.
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- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4213808
Cites work
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Cited in
(14)- Home range formation in wolves due to scent marking
- Partial differential equation techniques for analysing animal movement: A comparison of different methods
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- Spatial memory and taxis-driven pattern formation in model ecosystems
- The role of memory-based movements in the formation of animal home ranges
- Stable territory formation in ecology and its potential generality in pattern formations
- Open problems in PDE models for knowledge-based animal movement via nonlocal perception and cognitive mapping
- An effect of landmarks on territory shape in a convict cichlid
- Local and global existence for nonlocal multispecies advection-diffusion models
- Biological modeling with nonlocal advection–diffusion equations
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