The adelic space of a torus over a function field

DOI10.5802/AIF.3286MaRDI QIDQ2326264zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors David Harari, Diego Izquierdo

Publication date 7 October 2019

Published in Annales de l’institut Fourier (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.5802/aif.3286

zbMATH Keywords

linear algebraic group maximal divisible subgroup Poitou-Tate sequence strong approximation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Galois cohomology of linear algebraic groups (11E72) Galois cohomology (12G05) Rational points (14G05) Other nonalgebraically closed ground fields in algebraic geometry (14G27)

Review text

As an extension of classical problems over number fields, the arithmetic of algebraic groups over function fields with general constant fields has received attention from a number of researchers in recent years. Let \(X\) be a smooth projective curve over a field \(k\) of characteristic 0 and let \(K=k(X)\) be its function field. Consider a connected linear algebraic group \(G\) over \(K\). When \(k\) is an algebraically closed field, a \(p\)-adic field or the Laurent series field \(\mathbb{C}((t))\), weak approximation and related local-global questions were studied in previous works by Colliot-Thélène, Gille, Harari, Scheiderer, Szamuely, et al. For any finite set \(S\) of closed points of \(X\), one can also consider the space \(G(S,\,\mathbb{A}_K)\) of adèlic points of \(G\) outside \(S\) and ask whether strong approximation (i.e., density of \(G(K)\) in \(G(S,\,\mathbb{A}_K)\)) holds. When \(k\) is algebraically closed and \(S\neq\emptyset\), \textit{J.-L. Colliot-Thélène} proved in [Eur. J. Math. 4, No. 1, 177--184 (2018; Zbl 1401.20054)] that strong approximation holds for a semisimple group \(G\) but it may fail when \(G\) is a torus. The paper under review extends Colliot-Thélène's work and obtain further results about adèlic spaces of tori in not only the case with \(k\) algebraically closed but also the cases of \(p\)-adic fields or the field \(\mathbb{C}((t))\). To give precise statements of the main results, let \(T\) be a \(K\)-torus, with character group \(\hat{T}\) and dual torus \(T'\). For a discrete abelian group \(B\), write \(B^D=\mathrm{Hom}_c(B,\,\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z})\). In this paper, the authors first prove that for any constant field \(k\) (of characteristic 0), \(T(K)\) is a discrete (hence closed) subspace of \(T(S,\,\mathbb{A}_K)\). Therefore, strong approximation for \(T\) never holds if \(\dim T>0\). In three interesting special cases, one can further describe the quotient \(A(S,\,T):=T(S,\,\mathbb{A}_K)/T(K)\) as follows: (1) For \(k\) algebraically closed, it is shown that \(A(S,\,T)\) is divisible when \(S\neq\emptyset\). (This actually holds for any connected linear algebraic group \(G\) in place of \(T\).) For \(S=\emptyset\), the quotient \(A(\emptyset,\,T)\) by its maximal divisible subgroup is finitely generated of rank equal to \(\mathrm{rank}\, H^0(K,\,\hat{T})\). There is also a Poitou-Tate sequence for \(T\), from which one can deduce a reciprocity map \(r: A(\emptyset,\,T)\to H^0(K,\,\hat{T}\otimes\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}(-1))^D\) having divisible kernel and dense image. (2) For \(k=\mathbb{C}((t))\), a reciprocity map \(r: A(\emptyset,\,T)\to H^2(K,\,\hat{T})^D\) is obtained, its kernel is divisible and its topological cokernel (i.e., quotient by the closure of its image) is dual to the Tate-Shafarevich group {Sh}\(^2(K,\,\hat{T})\) and is in general infinite. (3) For \(k\) a \(p\)-adic field, there is a reciprocity map \(r: A(\emptyset,\,T)\to H^2(K,\,T')^D\). The kernel of \(r\) is the maximal divisible subgroup of \(A(\emptyset,\,T)\) and the topological cokernel is isomorphic to the finite group {Sh}\(^1(K,\,T)\). Notice that in the above three cases, the function field \(K\) has cohomological dimension 1, 2 and 3 respectively.

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