The classical moment problem and generalized indefinite strings
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Abstract: We show that the classical Hamburger moment problem can be included in the spectral theory of generalized indefinite strings. Namely, we introduce the class of Krein-Langer strings and show that there is a bijective correspondence between moment sequences and this class of generalized indefinite strings. This result can be viewed as a complement to the classical results of M. G. Krein on the connection between the Stieltjes moment problem and Krein-Stieltjes strings and I. S. Kac on the connection between the Hamburger moment problem and 2x2 canonical systems with Hamburger Hamiltonians.
The starting point of the paper is a spectral problem of the form \(-f=zf\omega+z^2fv\), where \(\omega\) is a real-valued Borel measure, \(v\) a positive Borel measure supported on finitely many points, both on an interval \([0,L)\), \(L\in(0;\infty]\), and \(z\) is a spectral parameter. The triple \((L,\omega,v)\) is called a generalized indefinite string. The authors introduce the class of Krein-Langer strings as a sub-class of generalized indefinite strings, and show that there exists a bijective correspondence between this class and that of moment sequences.
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