A view of the peakon world through the lens of approximation theory

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSD.2022.133446zbMATH Open1498.35003arXiv2203.12954OpenAlexW4286256627WikidataQ114141884 ScholiaQ114141884MaRDI QIDQ2083706FDOQ2083706

Jacek Szmigielski, Hans Lundmark

Publication date: 11 October 2022

Published in: Physica D (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Peakons (peaked solitons) are particular solutions admitted by certain nonlinear PDEs, most famously the Camassa-Holm shallow water wave equation. These solutions take the form of a train of peak-shaped waves, interacting in a particle-like fashion. In this article we give an overview of the mathematics of peakons, with particular emphasis on the connections to classical problems in analysis, such as Pad'e approximation, mixed Hermite-Pad'e approximation, multi-point Pad'e approximation, continued fractions of Stieltjes type and (bi)orthogonal polynomials. The exposition follows the chronological development of our understanding, exploring the peakon solutions of the Camassa-Holm, Degasperis-Procesi, Novikov, Geng-Xue and modified Camassa-Holm (FORQ) equations. All of these paradigm examples are integrable systems arising from the compatibility condition of a Lax pair, and a recurring theme in the context of peakons is the need to properly interpret these Lax pairs in the sense of Schwartz's theory of distributions. We trace out the path leading from distributional Lax pairs to explicit formulas for peakon solutions via a variety of approximation-theoretic problems, and we illustrate the peakon dynamics with graphics.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.12954

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• EXACT PEAKON SOLUTIONS GIVEN BY THE GENERALIZED HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS FOR SOME NONLINEAR WAVE EQUATIONS
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zbMATH Keywords

orthogonal polynomialspeakonsLax integrabilityCauchy biorthogonal polynomials[https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/w/index.php?title=+Special%3ASearch&search=Pad%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD+approximations&go=Go Pad�� approximations]Camassa-Holm-type equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Soliton solutions (35C08) Soliton equations (35Q51) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to partial differential equations (35-02)

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Cited In (7)

• Stability of smooth periodic traveling waves in the Degasperis-Procesi equation
• Global conservative solutions of the nonlocal NLS equation beyond blow-up
• Similarity reductions of peakon equations: integrable cubic equations
• Preface to the special issue: orthogonal polynomials and integrable systems, peakons, Toda lattices and Painlevé transcendents
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• An energy-preserving finite difference scheme with fourth-order accuracy for the generalized Camassa-Holm equation

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