Multipeakons of a two-component modified Camassa-Holm equation and the relation with the finite Kac-van Moerbeke lattice

Inverse problems involving ordinary differential equations (34A55) General spectral theory of ordinary differential operators (34L05) Soliton equations (35Q51) Inverse spectral and scattering methods for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K15) Soliton theory, asymptotic behavior of solutions of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems (37K40)

Abstract: A spectral and the inverse spectral problem are studied for the two-component modified Camassa-Holm type for measures associated to interlacing peaks. It is shown that the spectral problem is equivalent to an inhomogenous string problem with Dirichlet/Neumann boundary conditions. The inverse problem is solved by Stieltjes' continued fraction expansion, leading to an explicit construction of peakon solutions. Sufficient conditions for the global existence in

t

are given. The large time asymptotics reveals that, asymptotically, peakons pair up to form bound states moving with constant speeds. The peakon flow is shown to project to one of the isospectral flows of the finite Kac--van Moerbeke lattice.

Review text

The subject of this article is the two-component modified Camassa-Holm equation \[ \begin{aligned} m_t + ((u-u_x)(v+v_x)m)_x & = 0, \\ n_t + ((u-u_x)(v+v_x)n)_x & = 0, \\ m = u - u_{xx}, \quad n = v - v_{xx}.\end{aligned} \] It is known that this system allows a zero curvature representation of which the spatial component is given by the first order system \[ \Psi_x = \frac{1}{2} \begin{pmatrix} -1 & \lambda m \\ -\lambda n & 1 \end{pmatrix} \Psi. \] The authors consider a special class of multi-peakon solutions of the form \[ \begin{aligned} u(x,t) & = \sum_{k=1}^K m_{2k-1}(t) \mathrm{e}^{-|x-x_{2k-1}(t)|}, \\ v(x,t) & = \sum_{k=1}^K n_{2k}(t) \mathrm{e}^{-|x-x_{2k}(t)|}, \end{aligned} \] where \(x_1< x_2 < \ldots<x_{2K}\) and the weights \(m_{2k-1}\) and \(n_{2k}\) are positive. For this class, they first discuss the associated isospectral problem and subsequently solve the corresponding inverse problem using Stieltjes' work on continued fractions. This allows them to write down explicit formulas for these kinds of multi-peakon solutions. Furthermore, sufficient conditions for global existence are given and the long-time asymptotics are derived in this case. The final section provides a correspondence between the present peakon system and the finite Kac-van Moerbeke lattice.

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