The separable quotient problem for topological groups
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Abstract: The famous Banach-Mazur problem, which asks if every infinite-dimensional Banach space has an infinite-dimensional separable quotient Banach space, has remained unsolved for 85 years, though it has been answered in the affirmative for reflexive Banach spaces and even Banach spaces which are duals. The analogous problem for locally convex spaces has been answered in the negative, but has been shown to be true for large classes of locally convex spaces including all non-normable Fr'echet spaces. In this paper the analogous problem for topological groups is investigated. Indeed there are four natural analogues: Does every non-totally disconnected topological group have a separable quotient group which is (i) non-trivial; (ii) infinite; (iii) metrizable; (iv) infinite metrizable. All four questions are answered here in the negative. However, positive answers are proved for important classes of topological groups including (a) all compact groups; (b) all locally compact abelian groups; (c) all -compact locally compact groups; (d) all abelian pro-Lie groups; (e) all -compact pro-Lie groups; (f) all pseudocompact groups. Negative answers are proved for precompact groups.
The article was motivated by the famous Banach-Mazur problem: Is it true that every infinite-dimensional Banach space has an infinite-dimensional separable quotient Banach space. Although it is known that there are infinite-dimensional locally convex spaces without infinite-dimensional separable quotient, the Banach-Mazur problem remains unsolved more than 80 years. Analogous questions can be posed for a topological group \(G\): Does \(G\) have an infinite separable metrizable quotient group? In the article the authors solve this problem for several important classes of topological groups as (a) all \(\sigma\)compact locally compact groups, (b) all locally compact abelian groups, (c) all pro-Lie groups, and (d) all pseudocompact groups. However, the authors constructed an example of an uncountable precompact group \(G\) which has no infinite separable (even non-metrizable) quotient group.
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