The structure of relatively hyperbolic groups in convex real projective geometry
Before stating the main result of this paper, we quote some definitions and terminology referring for the rest in the paper.\N\NLet \(\mathbb{H}^{d}\) denote real hyperbolic \(d\)-space, a discrete subgroup \(\Gamma\leq \mathrm{Isom}(\mathbb{H}^{d})\) is called convex cocompact if there exists a nonempty \(\Gamma\) -invariant geodesically convex closed subset \(\mathcal{C}\subset \mathbb{H}^{d}\) where the quotient \(\Gamma \setminus \mathcal{C}\) is compact.\N\NThere is a generalisation of notion of the convex cocompact groups. In particular, let be \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{P}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\) be a general properly convex domain and \(\Aut (\Omega)\leq PGL_{d}(\mathbb{R})\) be the group of projective automorphisms which preserve \(\Omega\). Then a discrete subgroup \(\Gamma \leq \Aut (\Omega)\) is called naive convex cocompact if there exists a nonempty \(\Gamma\)-invariant closed convex subset \(\mathcal{C}\subset \Omega\)\Nwhere the quotient \(\Gamma \setminus \mathcal{C}\) is compact. In this case the triple \((\Omega ,\,\mathcal{C},\,\Gamma )\) is called naive convex cocompact.\N\NLet \((\Omega ,\,\mathcal{C},\,\Gamma )\) be a naive convex cocompact triple and \(\mathcal{X}\) a collection of closed unbounded convex subsets of \(\mathcal{C}\) which satisfies some conditions (see Definition 1.1 in the paper) then it is said that \(\mathcal{X}\) is a peripheral family of \((\Omega ,\,\mathcal{C},\,\Gamma )\).\N\NGiven a closed convex subset \(\mathcal{C}\) of a properly convex domain, the ideal boundary of \(\mathcal{C}\) is \(\partial_{i}\mathcal{C}\,=\,\overline{\mathcal{C}}\cap \partial \Omega\). Also, given \(x\in \overline{\Omega} \) the open face of \(x\) in \(\overline{\Omega}\) is denoted \(F_{\Omega}(x)\).\N\NOne of the main results is the proof that the relative hyperbolicity of \(\Gamma\) is equivalent to the existence of a peripheral family.\N\NIn [Geom. Topol. 27, No. 2, 417--511 (2023; Zbl 1515.20241)] the authors considered the special case where the peripheral subgroups were virtually abelian of rank at least two. For such groups, it is proved that relative hyperbolicity is equivalent to the existence of a collection of properly embedded simplices with good isolation properties. Shortly after, \textit{T. Weisman} [J. Topol. 16, No. 3, 990--1047 (2023; Zbl 1522.20211)] considered convex cocompact groups (a more restrictive class than naive convex cocompact) who were relatively hyperbolic and whose peripheral subgroups were also convex cocompact, but not\Nnecessarily virtually abelian.\N\NHere the authors extend the results, in the two mentioned papers above, to the case of general peripheral subgroups and the case of general naive convex cocompact groups. The proofs build upon ideas from both papers.\N\N\textbf{Theorem.} (Theorem 1.4) Suppose that \((\Omega,\, \mathcal{C},\,\Gamma )\) a naive convex cocompact triple. Then the following hold:\N\N(1)\quad If \(\Gamma\) is relatively hyperbolic with respect to \(\mathcal{P}\,=\,\{\,P_{1},\,\cdots ,\,P_{N}\,\}\) and \(X_{j}\) is the closed convex hull of \(\mathcal{L}_{\Omega}(P_{j})\cap \partial _{i}\mathcal{C}\) in \(\Omega\), then \(\mathcal{X}\,=\,\Gamma \cdot \{X_{1},\,\cdots ,\,X_{N}\,\}\) is a peripheral family of \((\Omega,\, \mathcal{C},\,\Gamma )\).\N\N(2)\quad If \(\mathcal{X}\) is a peripheral family of \((\Omega,\, \mathcal{C},\,\Gamma )\) and \(\mathcal{P}\,=\,\{\,P_{1},\,\cdots ,\,P_{N}\,\}\) is a set of representatives of the \(\Gamma\)-conjugacy classes in \(\{\,\mathrm{Stab} _{\Gamma}(X)\,:\,X\in \mathcal{X}\,\}\), then \(\Gamma\) is relatively hyperbolic with respect to \(\mathcal{P}\).\N\NMoreover, when either of the above conditions are satisfied, then:\N\N(a) \((\mathcal{C},\,d_{\Omega})\) is relatively hyperbolic with respect to \(\mathcal{X}\,=\,\Gamma \cdot \{X_{1},\,\cdots ,\,X_{N}\,\}\).\N\N(b) There is a \(\Gamma\)-equivariant homeomorphism between the Bowditch boundary \(\partial (\Gamma ,\,\mathcal{P})\) and\N\([\partial {i}\mathcal{C}]_{\mathcal{X}}\).\N\N(c) Each \((\Omega,\, X_{j},\,P_{j})\) is a naive convex cocompact triple.\N\Nd) There exists \(L>0\) such that if \(x\in \partial _{i}\mathcal{C}\) and \(\operatorname{diam} _{F_{\Omega}(x)}(F_{\Omega}(x)\cap \partial _{i}\mathcal{C})\geq L\) for some \(X\in \mathcal{X}\).\N\N(e) There exists \(R>0\) such that if \(X\in \mathcal{X}\) and \(x\in \partial _{i}X\), then \(d^{\mathrm{Haus}} _{F_{\Omega}(x)}(F_{\Omega}(x)\cap \partial _{i} (X). F_{\Omega}(x)\cap \partial _{i}\mathcal{C})\leq R\).\N\NFor convex cocompact groups, this Theorem has been restated and expanded. See Theorem 1.7 in the paper.\N\NIn the context of convex cocompact groups, peripheral families can also be defined in terms of their boundary behavior (Proposition 1.8).\N\NAs it is noted, the general strategy is based on combining ideas from [\textit{M. Islam} and \textit{A. Zimmer}, Geom. Topol. 27, No. 2, 417--511 (2023; Zbl 1515.20241); \textit{T. Weisman}, J. Topol. 16, No. 3, 990--1047 (2023; Zbl 1522.20211)]. In particular, as in [loc. cit.], i\textit{A. Yaman}'s characterization [J. Reine Angew. Math. 566, 41--89 (2004; Zbl 1043.20020)] of relatively hyperbolicity is used to show that is relatively hyperbolic.
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