The uniformization of certain algebraic hypergeometric functions

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2013.11.013MaRDI QIDQ2445967zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Robert S. Maier

Publication date 15 April 2014

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0906.3485

zbMATH Keywords

algebraic functionbinomial coefficient identityhypergeometric functionimprimitive monodromyuniformization

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Singularities of curves, local rings (14H20) Special algebraic curves and curves of low genus (14H45) Generalized hypergeometric series, ({}_pF_q) (33C20) Connections of hypergeometric functions with groups and algebras, and related topics (33C80)

Abstract: The hypergeometric functions ${}_n{F}_{n-1}$ are higher transcendental functions, but for certain parameter values they become algebraic, because the monodromy of the defining hypergeometric differential equation becomes finite. It is shown that many algebraic ${}_n{F}_{n-1}$'s, for which the finite monodromy is irreducible but imprimitive, can be represented as combinations of certain explicitly algebraic functions of a single variable; namely, the roots of trinomials. This generalizes a result of Birkeland, and is derived as a corollary of a family of binomial coefficient identities that is of independent interest. Any tuple of roots of a trinomial traces out a projective algebraic curve, and it is also determined when this so-called Schwarz curve is of genus zero and can be rationally parametrized. Any such parametrization yields a hypergeometric identity that explicitly uniformizes a family of algebraic ${}_n{F}_{n-1}$'s. Many examples of such uniformizations are worked out explicitly. Even when the governing Schwarz curve is of positive genus, it is shown how it is sometimes possible to construct explicit single-valued or multivalued parametrizations of individual algebraic ${}_n{F}_{n-1}$'s, by parametrizing a quotiented Schwarz curve. The parametrization requires computations in rings of symmetric polynomials.

Review text

Mainly this paper generalizes the classical result of Schwarz about triples \((a_1,a_2;b_1)\) for which the Gauss hypergeometric function \({}_2F_1(a_1,a_2;b_1;\xi)\) is algebraic. The author discusses a new approach to the problem of constructing equations satisfied by algebraic \({}_nF_{n-1}(\ldots;\xi)\)-functions. It is shown that many algebraic functions \({}_nF_{n-1}\), for which the finite monodromy is irreducible but imprimitive, can be represented as combinations of certain explicitly algebraic functions of a single variable, namely, the roots of trinomial equations \(x^n-gx^p-\beta=0\), where \(n=p+q\), \(\gcd(p,q)=1\), \(g\neq0\) is arbitrary but fixed and \(\xi=(-1)^q\,\frac{n^n}{p^pq^q}\,\frac{\beta^q}{g^n}\).

Recommendations

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Cited in

(10)

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