Theoretical Astrophysics

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The present volume gives a self-contained comprehensive introduction into all aspects of cosmology and extragalactic astronomy at an advanced level. Concentrating on theory, it also shortly summarizes observational data and phenomenology. Considerable attention is paid to recent research topics. Chapter 1 provides a broad overview on galaxies and cosmology. Theoretical concepts of the evolution of the universe, the formation of dark-matter halos and galaxies, the key properties of different types of galaxies and of active galactic nuclei, luminosity functions of galaxies and quasars as well as the distribution of matter and the extragalactic background radiation are reviewed. The modelling of the steady-state distribution of stars in a galaxy, aspects of the stellar dynamics and its influence on the chemical evolution of galaxies, and consequences of the gravitational interaction of galaxies are introduced in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 deals with the Friedmann model of the universe. Physical processes occurring in the earlier phase of the universe and inflationary models are described in Chapter 4. Then, in Chapter 5, the formalism is developed to take into account inhomogeneities in the universe. Different gauges used in structure formation are discussed. Temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave backgrund radiation and the spectral distortion of the cosmic microwave background radiation by the coupling between matter and radiation are dealt with in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 discusses the qualitative and semianalytical description of the structure formation in the barionic matter, and actual formation of luminous galaxies in the universe. A detailed description of different physical phenomena associated with active galactic nuclei is given in Chapter 8, in which optical and UV continua from active galactic nuclei, high-energy radiation from accretion disks, radio emissions from quasars and radio jets, broad-line and narrow-line regions of quasars, effects of bulk relativistic motion, and intrinsic absorbers in active galactic nuclei are reviewed. Chapter 9 describes the physics of the diffuse intergalactic medium and their signatures in the quasar absorption spectra. The emphasis is on the role of star formation and the production of extragalactic background light. The last part provides an overview of observations relevant to cosmology and the techniques used to measure different cosmological parameters. The chapter also includes a discussion of the evidence of dark matter in different scales. The reader of the book is assumed to be familiar with Vol. I (see Zbl 0996.85001) and parts of Vol. II (see Zbl 0996.85002). The book contains exercises. A list of well-chosen references and an index of scientific keywords are given at the end of the work. The book is of interest for graduate students and teachers of graduate courses, but also for researchers in the fields of extragalactic astronomy, astrophysics and theoretical physics.




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