Topological methods for variational problems with symmetries
bifurcationBorsuk-Ulam theoremcritical point theoryfunctionalsgradient-like flowsgroup actionsHamiltonian systemsLyusternik-Schnirelman categoryMorse theoryMorse-Conley indexperiodic solutionssymmetry
Qualitative theory for ordinary differential equations (34Cxx) Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations (35J20) Smooth dynamical systems: general theory (37Cxx) Dynamical aspects of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37J99) Equations involving nonlinear operators (general) (47J05) Lyusternik-Shnirel'man category of a space, topological complexity à la Farber, topological robotics (topological aspects) (55M30) Homology with local coefficients, equivariant cohomology (55N25) Equivariant homotopy theory in algebraic topology (55P91) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to global analysis (58-02) Abstract critical point theory (Morse theory, Lyusternik-Shnirel'man theory, etc.) in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E05) Variational problems in abstract bifurcation theory in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E07) Variational aspects of group actions in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E40) Variational problems in infinite-dimensional spaces (58Exx)
It is well known that symmetry has a strong effect on the number and shape of solutions to variational problems. As the starting point of a critical point theory for symmetric functionals may be considered a theorem of Lyusternik and Schnirelman: An even \(C^ 2\)-map \(S^ n\to \mathbb{R}\) must have at least \(n+1\) pairs of antipodal critical points. This follows by computing the Lyusternik-Schnirelman category \(\text{cat}(\mathbb{R} P^ n)\) of the orbit space \(\mathbb{R} P^ n\). The equality \(\text{cat}(\mathbb{R} P^ n) = n+1\) is a consequence of the Borsuk- Ulam theorem (which states that there does not exist an odd map \(S^ n \to S^{n-1}\)). A natural question arises here: What can we say if the symmetry group \(\mathbb{Z}/2\) in the above theorem is replaced by more general groups? In most papers in this field the considered groups are the cyclic groups \(\mathbb{Z}/p\) of prime order and the group \(S^ 1\) of complex numbers of modulus 1. For more general groups, restrictive assumptions are needed to reduce the general results to the corresponding \(\mathbb{Z}/p\)-version or \(S^ 1\)-version. The question is: what version of the Borsuk-Ulam theorem one needs to generalize a result from \(\mathbb{Z}/2\) to other symmetry groups? Here is one of the motivations of this book. The author presents recent techniques and results in critical point theory for functionals invariant under a symmetry group. In the present book we find both main methods in this field: Lyusternik-Schnirelman category and Morse theory. First, a version of Lyusternik-Schnirelman category in spaces with group actions is given. A corresponding notion of genus is also defined. Some basic properties are followed by a critical point theory for functionals with symmetries. In order to obtain an effective computation of category and genus, a new cohomological index theory for spaces with group actions is developed. The corresponding index is called length and is an equivariant version of the cup-length. The length is used to obtain lower bounds for category and genus. It is computed in a number of cases (not only for \(\mathbb{Z}/2\) or \(S^ 1\)). As a consequence, a generalization of the Borsuk-Ulam theorem is obtained. Finally, the length in combination with the Morse-Conley index theory is used to study gradient-like flows with symmetries. The author considers the length of the unstable set of an isolated invariant set of a flow and applies it to bifurcation problems. He shows that a change of this length along a branch of stationary solutions gives rise to bifurcation. The theory is illustrated with two applications: the bifurcation of steady states and heteroclinic orbits of \(O(3)\)-symmetric flow, and the existence of periodic solutions near equilibria of symmetric Hamiltonian systems. The reading of the present book is very stimulating. The reader will find here many new (and well motivated) ideas which are integrated in a clear and elegant exposition. Certainly, this work will be a starting point for further research.
- Spectral flow and bifurcation of critical points of strongly-indefinite functionals. I: General theory
- Equivariant category of the free part of a \(G\)-manifold and of the sphere of spherical harmonics
- A generalization of the Weinstein-Moser theorems on periodic orbits of a Hamiltonian system near an equilibrium
- On the effect of the domain on the number of orthogonal geodesic chords
- The equivariant category of proper G-spaces.
- Spectral flow and bifurcation of critical points of strongly indefinite functionals. II: Bifurcation of periodic orbits of Hamiltonian systems
- Estimates of the isovariant Borsuk-Ulam constants of connected compact Lie groups
- Molecular chains interacting by Lennard-Jones and Coulomb forces
- Bifurcations from the orbit of solutions of the Neumann problem
- Sign-changing solutions to a partially periodic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in domains with unbounded boundary
- Symmetric Liapunov center theorem for minimal orbit
- The Conley index, cup-length and bifurcation
- Multiplicity results for an eigenvalue problem for hemivariational inequalities in strip-like domains
- General Bourgin-Yang theorems
- Critical orbits of symmetric functionals
- Homoclinic solutions of Hamiltonian systems with symmetry
- Buckling of a thin elastic plate
- Counting symmetry-breaking solutions to symmetric variational problems
- Bourgin-Yang version of the Borsuk-Ulam theorem for \(\mathbb Z_{p^{k}}\)-equivariant maps
- Normalized solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations
- Proof and generalization of Kaplan-Yorke's conjecture under the condition \(F^{\prime}\) \((0) > 0\) on periodic solutions to differential delay equations
- A spinorial analogue of the Brezis-Nirenberg theorem involving the critical Sobolev exponent
- Spherical complexities with applications to closed geodesics
- Multiplicity and concentration results for local and fractional NLS equations with critical growth
- Brake orbits of a reversible even Hamiltonian system near an equilibrium
- Parameterized splitting theorems and bifurcations for potential operators. I: Abstract theory
- Normalized solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with potentials and non-autonomous nonlinearities
- Effect of external potentials in a coupled system of multi-component incongruent diffusion
- Periodic solutions of symmetric Hamiltonian systems
- On algebraic problems behind the Brouwer degree of equivariant maps
- Unavoidable complexes, via an elementary equivariant index theory
- Critical points of invariant functions on closed orientable surfaces
- Symmetric Hopf bifurcation in implicit neutral functional differential equations: equivariant degree approach
- Transitive decomposition of symmetry groups for the \(n\)-body problem
- Bourgin-Yang versions of the Borsuk-Ulam theorem for \(p\)-toral groups
- Configuration-like spaces and coincidences of maps on orbits
- Periodic solutions of symmetric autonomous Newtonian systems
- Bourgin--Yang-type theorem for \(a\)-compact perturbations of closed operators. I: The case of index theories with dimension property
- Periodic solutions of partially superquadratic second order Hamiltonian systems
- Periodic solutions of vibrating strings. Degree theory approach
- Multiple solutions to symmetric boundary value problems for second order ODEs: equivariant degree approach
- Topological bifurcations of spatial central configurations in the N-body problem
- On the length of cohomology spheres
- On the fractional NLS equation and the effects of the potential Well's topology
- Periodic solutions to symmetric Newtonian systems in neighborhoods of orbits of equilibria
- Spectral flow is a complete invariant for detecting bifurcation of critical points
- Mountain pass theorem with infinite discrete symmetry
- Sign Changing Solutions of Superlinear Schrödinger Equations
- Multiple Solutions of Nonlinear Scalar Field Equations
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- Multiple solutions to implicit symmetric boundary value problems for second order ordinary differential equations (ODEs): Equivariant degree approach
- 2-SYMMETRIC CRITICAL POINT THEOREMS FOR NON-DIFFERENTIABLE FUNCTIONS
- Transverse LS category for Riemannian foliations
- The Schwarz genus of the Stiefel manifold
- Bifurcation of critical points for continuous families of C^2 functionals of Fredholm type
- On periodic solutions of autonomous Hamiltonian systems via degree for S1-equivariant gradient maps
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- Equivariant hopf theorem
- Generic multiparameter bifurcation from a manifold
- The existence of infinitely many solutions for nonlinear elliptic equations involving p-Laplace type operators in R^N
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- On an Elliptic Equation with Concave and Convex Nonlinearities
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- Existence and multiplicity results for quasilinear elliptic differential systems
- Optimization results for the higher eigenvalues of the \(p\)-Laplacian associated with sign-changing capacitary measures
- Rayleigh quotients of the level set manifolds related to the nonlinear PDE
- Nodal blow-up solutions to slightly subcritical elliptic problems with Hardy-critical term
- Existence and multiplicity of normalized solutions for a class of fractional Schrödinger-Poisson equations
- Traveling and standing waves in coupled pendula and Newton's cradle
- Braids of the N-body problem I: cabling a body in a central configuration
- Free actions of some compact groups on Milnor manifolds
- Symmetric Liapunov center theorem
- A natural constraint approach to normalized solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations and systems
- Dvoretzky type theorems for multivariate polynomials and sections of convex bodies
- The ideal-valued index for a dihedral group action, and mass partition by two hyperplanes
- Persistence of stationary motion under explicit symmetry breaking perturbation
- A cohomological Conley index in Hilbert spaces and applications to strongly indefinite problems
- Weak solutions to general Euler's equations via nonsmooth critical point theory
- Critical point theory on partially ordered Hilbert spaces
- Lyapunov center theorem on rotating periodic orbits for Hamiltonian systems
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- Parameter-dependent multiplicity results of sign-changing solutions for quasilinear elliptic equations
- Normalized solutions of nonhomogeneous mass supercritical Schrödinger equations in bounded domains
- Existence and multiplicity results for double phase problem on compact Riemannian manifolds
- On topological and metric critical point theory
- A short treatise on the equivariant degree theory and its applications
- Tverberg-type theorems for intersecting by rays
- Multiplicity of normalized solutions for Schrödinger equations
- Global bifurcation of non-radial solutions for symmetric sub-linear elliptic systems on the planar unit disc
- Geometric and topological properties of manifolds in robot motion planning
- Fibration category structures induced by enrichments
- Infinitely many normalized solutions for Schrödinger equations with combined nonlinearities
- The equivariant spectral flow and bifurcation for functionals with symmetries. I
- Equivariant Conley index in Hilbert spaces and applications to strongly indefinite problems
- The existence of S^1 C_p-maps between representation spheres and its applications
- New minimax theorems for lower semicontinuous functions and applications
- Multiple nodal solutions to a scalar field equation with double-power nonlinearity and zero mass at infinity
- Normalized solutions for a Schrödinger equation with competing type van der Waals type potentials: existence, limiting behavior and multiplicity
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