Unitriangular factorizations of Chevalley groups.

. So far, the record over a finite field was established in a 2010 paper by Babai, Nikolov, and Pyber, where they prove that a group of Lie type admits unitriangular factorisation

G = U U^{-} U U^{-} U

of length 5. Their proof invokes deep analytic and combinatorial tools. In the present paper we notice that from the work of Bass and Tavgen one immediately gets a much more general result, asserting that over any ring of stable rank 1 one has unitriangular factorisation

G = U U^{-} U U^{-}

of length 4. Moreover, we give a detailed survey of triangular factorisations, prove some related results, discuss prospects of generalisation to other classes of rings, and state several unsolved problems. Another main result of the present paper asserts that, in the assumption of the Generalised Riemann's Hypothesis, Chevalley groups over the ring

I n t B i g [d i s p l a y s t y l e 1 o v e r p B i g]

admit unitriangular factorisation

G = U U^{-} U U^{-} U U^{-}

of length 6. Otherwise, the best length estimate for Hasse domains with infinite multiplicative groups that follows from the work of Cooke and Weinberger, gives 9 factors.

Review text

The main results that the authors obtain are the following two theorems: 1. Let \(\Phi\) be a reduced irreducible root system and \(R\) be a commutative ring such that \(\mathrm{sr}(R)=1\). Then a simply connected Chevalley group \(G(\Phi,R)\) admits a unitriangular factorization \[ G(\Phi,R)=U(\Phi,R)U^-(\Phi,R)U(\Phi,R)U^-(\Phi,R) \] of length 4. 2. Let \(\Phi\) be a reduced irreducible root system and \(p\in\mathbb Z\) be a rational prime. Under the assumption of the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis the simply connected Chevalley group \(G(\Phi,\mathbb Z[\frac{1}{p}])\) admits the unitriangular factorization \[ G\left(\Phi,\mathbb Z\left[\frac{1}{p}\right]\right)=\left(U\left(\Phi,\mathbb Z\left[\frac{1}{p}\right]\right)U^-\left(\Phi,\mathbb Z\left[\frac{1}{p}\right]\right)\right)^3 \] of length \(6\). The authors provide a list of 67 publications that are related to the unitriangular factorization. They discuss the terms used in various publications, and the connections that exist between the results obtained. They also state several unsolved problems.

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