Universality of Euler flows and flexibility of Reeb embeddings

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2023.109142MaRDI QIDQ6110339zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Robert Cardona, Eva Miranda, Daniel Peralta-Salas, Francisco Presas

Publication date 5 July 2023

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01963

zbMATH Keywords

\(h\)-principleBeltrami fieldsEuler equationsReeb vector fieldsuniversal Turing machineuniversality

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Turing machines and related notions (03D10) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Euler equations (35Q31) PDEs on manifolds (35R01) Topological and differentiable equivalence, conjugacy, moduli, classification of dynamical systems (37C15) Contact systems (37J55) Symplectic and contact topology in high or arbitrary dimension (57R17) Classical models of computation (Turing machines, etc.) (68Q04)

Abstract: The dynamics of an inviscid and incompressible fluid flow on a Riemannian manifold is governed by the Euler equations. Recently, Tao launched a programme to address the global existence problem for the Euler and Navier Stokes equations based on the concept of universality. Inspired by this proposal, in this article we prove that the stationary Euler equations exhibit several universality features. More precisely, we show that any non-autonomous flow on a compact manifold can be extended to a smooth stationary solution of the Euler equations on some Riemannian manifold of possibly higher dimension. The solutions we construct are of Beltrami type, and being stationary they exist for all time. Using this result, we establish the Turing completeness of the steady Euler flows,i.e., there exist solutions that encode a universal Turing machine and, in particular, these solutions have undecidable trajectories. Our proofs deepen the correspondence between contact topology and hydrodynamics, which is key to establish the universality of the Reeb flows and their Beltrami counterparts. An essential ingredient in the proofs, of interest in itself, is a novel flexibility theorem for embeddings in Reeb dynamics in terms of an h-principle in contact geometry, which unveils the flexible behavior of the steady Euler flows. These results can be viewed as lending support to the intuition that solutions to the Euler equations can be extremely complicated in nature.

Review text

The authors examine the universality character of the stationary Euler equations. They prove that any non-autonomous flow on a compact manifold may be extended to a smooth solution of the stationary Euler equations on a certain (ambient) Riemannian manifold whose dimension depends only on the dimension of the original compact manifold and is odd and higher than the latter. The ambient manifold can be the sphere (in the time-periodic case) or the Euclidean space (otherwise). As stationary Euler flows on odd-dimensional Riemannian manifolds can be visualized as Beltrami fields and any Beltrami field with positive proportionality factor is a reparametrization of a Reeb flow for some contact form, authors' arguments are strongly based on techniques taken from contact geometry.

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Cited in

(14)

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• The singular Weinstein conjecture
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• Quantum-fluid correspondence for systems of nonrelativistic spin-\(\frac{1}{2}\) particles
• Topological entropy of Turing complete dynamics

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