Varieties of sums of power
A classical problem in algebraic geometry, already treated in several papers of Terracini, is the so-called Waring problem for linear forms: Determine the minimal number \(s=s(n+1,d)\) such that a generic polynomial of degree \(d\) in \(n+1\) variables can be written as a sum of \(s\) \(d\)-th powers of linear forms. \textit{J. Alexander} and \textit{A. Hirschowitz} [J. Algebr. Geom. 4, 201--222 (1995; Zbl 0829.14002)] obtained a complete answer: For \(d\geq 3\), the number coincides with the expected one \(\lceil{{n+d}\choose{d}}/(n+1)\rceil\) except from four classically known degenerate cases. On the other hand, one may ask when such a decomposition is unique. In the paper under review, the authors investigate the more general question of the geometry of such representations. More precisely, for \(f\in \mathbb{C}[x_0,\dots,x_n]_d\) and the corresponding degree \(d\) hypersurface \(F=V(f)\subset \mathbb{P}^n\), they define the variety of sums of powers as a subvariety of the Hilbert scheme \[ \text{VSP}(F,s)=\overline{\{\{L_1,\dots, L_s\}\in \text{Hilb}_s(\check{\mathbb{P}}^n) | \exists \lambda_i \in\mathbb{C}: f=\lambda_1l_1^d+\dots+\lambda_sl^d_s\}}. \] Here, the \(L_i\) are the points in the dual projective space (or, equivalently, the hyperplanes in \(\mathbb{P}^n\)) corresponding to the linear forms \(l_i\). The main techniques in the study of these objects are apolarity, syzygies and (as geometric counterparts) duality and projections; they are recalled in the first sections of the article. The main body of the paper consists of a number of examples for varieties of sums of powers, with a lot of highly interesting geometry involved. First, classical results for \(n=2\), \(d\leq 7\) are recovered and extended to the case \(n=2,d=8\). In particular, they discuss \textit{S. Mukai}'s result [in: Complex projective geometry, Conf. Trieste 1989, and Vector bundles and special projective embeddings, Bergen 1989, Lond. Math. Soc. Lect. Note Ser. 179, 255--263 (1992; Zbl 0774.14037)] that for \(n=2, d=4\), \(\text{VSP}(F,6)\) is a smooth Fano threefold \(V_{22}\), and every such \(V_{22}\) arises in this way. The main new example is the (exceptional in the sense of [loc. cit.]) case of a general cubic threefold \(F\). It is proved that \(\text{VSP}(F,8)\) is a smooth Fano fivefold of index 1 and degree 660. More precisely, this Fano fivefold arises as the variety of lines on the following variety \(Y(F)\) associated to \(F\): \(Y=Y(F)=\mathbb{P}^{10}\cap \mathbb{S}^{10}\subset \mathbb{P}^{15}\), where \(\mathbb{S}^{10}\) is the spinor variety of isotropic \(\mathbb{P}^4\)'s in an 8-dimensional smooth quadric \(Q^8\subset \mathbb{P}^9\), and \(\mathbb{P}^{10}\) is a linear subspace of \(\mathbb{P}^{15}\) depending on \(F\) (here, the points of \(\mathbb{P}^{15}\) represent the even subspaces \(\bigwedge^{\text{ev}}(V)\) of \(\bigwedge(V)\), \(\dim(V)=5\)). Though the occurence of the spinor variety might be surprising here, the authors explain it by relating it via apolarity to the result of \textit{S. Mukai} [Am. J. Math. 117, 1627--1644 (1995; Zbl 0871.14025)] that a smooth canonical curve \(C\subset \mathbb{P}^6\) of genus 7 and Clifford index 3 is isomorphic to \(\mathbb{P}^6\cap \mathbb{S}^{10}\) for a suitable linear subspace \(\mathbb{P}^6\subset \mathbb{P}^{15}\).
- Birational aspects of the geometry of varieties of sums of powers
- Generalized varieties of sums of powers
- An Invariant Regarding Waring’s Problem for Cubic Polynomials
- Geometries of lines and conics on the quintic del Pezzo 3-fold and its application to varieties of power sums
- Singularities of linear systems and the Waring problem
- A remark on a conjecture of Paranjape and Ramanan
- A Synthesis of the Clifford Matrices and Its Generalization
- Associated graded algebra of a Gorenstein Artin algebra
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- On parameter spaces for Artin level algebras.
- On Comon's and Strassen's conjectures
- Some non-special cubic fourfolds
- On the number of Waring decompositions for a generic polynomial vector
- Effective identifiability criteria for tensors and polynomials
- Typical and admissible ranks over fields
- Varieties of apolar subschemes of toric surfaces
- Power sums, Gorenstein algebras, and determinantal loci. With an appendix `The Gotzmann theorems and the Hilbert scheme' by Anthony Iarrobino and Steven L. Kleiman
- Geometries of lines and conics on the quintic del Pezzo 3-fold and its application to varieties of power sums
- A computational approach to Lüroth quartics
- On real typical ranks
- Spaces of sums of powers and real rank boundaries
- Waring decompositions and identifiability via Bertini and Macaulay2 software
- Entry loci and ranks
- Apolarity, border rank, and multigraded Hilbert scheme
- On rationally connected varieties over \(C_1\) fields of characteristic 0
- An improved upper bound for the Waring rank of the determinant
- A bound for the Waring rank of the determinant via syzygies
- On the identifiability of ternary forms
- Vanishing Hessian, wild forms and their border VSP
- On minimal decompositions of low rank symmetric tensors
- Explicit projective embeddings of standard opens of the Hilbert scheme of points
- Projective aspects of the geometry of Lagrangian Grassmannians and spinor varieties
- Homotopy techniques for tensor decomposition and perfect identifiability
- Lagrangian Grassmannians and spinor varieties in characteristic two
- The Hitchhiker guide to: secant varieties and tensor decomposition
- Typical real ranks of binary forms
- Waring loci and the Strassen conjecture
- Real rank geometry of ternary forms
- Generalized varieties of sums of powers
- The blow-up of \(\mathbb{P}^4\) at 8 points and its Fano model, via vector bundles on a del Pezzo surface
- On the rank of a symmetric form
- Binary decompositions and varieties of sums of binaries
- Rationality of the moduli spaces of plane curves of sufficiently large degree
- GLSMs for exotic Grassmannians
- On the secant varieties to the tangential varieties of a Veronesean
- Monomials as sums of powers: the real binary case
- The Waring Locus of Binary Forms
- Moduli of abelian surfaces, symmetric theta structures and theta characteristics
- Singularities of linear systems and the Waring problem
- Base loci of linear systems and the Waring problem
- An Invariant Regarding Waring’s Problem for Cubic Polynomials
- The variety of polar simplices
- Eigenvectors of tensors and algorithms for Waring decomposition
- Inverse systems, generic linear forms, divided powers, and transversality
- Birational aspects of the geometry of varieties of sums of powers
- On waring presentations of cuspidal cubics
- Decomposition of homogeneous polynomials with low rank
- On linear sections of the spinor tenfold. I
- Degenerations to unobstructed Fano Stanley-Reisner schemes
- Real identifiability vs. complex identifiability
- On non-secant defectivity of Segre-Veronese varieties
- Gorenstein Artin algebras, additive decompositions of forms and the punctual Hilbert scheme
- Lower bound for ranks of invariant forms
- Efficient evaluation of noncommutative polynomials using tensor and noncommutative Waring decompositions
- Singular value decomposition of complexes
- Variety of power sums and divisors in the moduli space of cubic fourfolds
- Decoupling Multivariate Polynomials Using First-Order Information and Tensor Decompositions
- Canonical curves on surfaces of very low degree
- Universality of Rank 6 Plücker relations and Grassmann cone preserving maps
- Representations of multivariate polynomials by sums of univariate polynomials in linear forms
- Canonical curves and varieties of sums of powers of cubic polynomials.
- Bad and good news for Strassen's laser method: border rank of \(\mathrm{Perm}_3\) and strict submultiplicativity
- Generalizations of the Schrödinger maximal operator: building arithmetic counterexamples
- Canonical curves with low apolarity
- On schemes evinced by generalized additive decompositions and their regularity
- Waring decompositions of special ternary forms with different Hilbert functions
- Varieties of sums of powers and moduli spaces of \((1,7)\)-polarized abelian surfaces
- Tensor rank and complexity
- Quaternary quartic forms and Gorenstein rings
- Three embeddings of the Klein simple group into the Cremona group of rank three
- Decompositions of powers of quadrics
- The Variety of Polar Simplices II
- Double Veronese cones with 28 nodes
- Complex physics-informed neural network
- Border apolarity and varieties of sums of powers
- Waring decompositions of the product of two quadrics: the small rank cases
- Efficient tensor decomposition via moment matrix extension
- Strict inclusions of high rank loci
- Refined algorithms to compute syzygies
- On the ranks and border ranks of symmetric tensors
- On the dimension of secant varieties
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