WEIGHT SPECTRAL SEQUENCES AND INDEPENDENCE OF \ell

DOI10.1017/S1474748003000173MaRDI QIDQ4437553zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 2 December 2003

Published in Journal of the Institute of Mathematics of Jussieu (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474748003000173

monodromy filtration semi-stable reduction vanishing cycles

Varieties over finite and local fields (11G25) Étale and other Grothendieck topologies and (co)homologies (14F20) Local ground fields in algebraic geometry (14G20)

Review text

Let $K$ be a finite extension of ${\mathbb Q}_p$ or of ${\mathbb F}_{p}((T))$ ($p$ prime), and choose a separable algebraic closure $\overline K$ of $K$. The residue field $\overline F$ of $\overline K$ is an algebraic closure of the residue field $F$ of $K$, and there is canonical surjection $\rho:G_K\rightarrow G_F$, with $G_K=\text{ Gal}(\overline K|K)$ and $G_F=\text{ Gal}(\overline F|F)$; the latter is generated as a profinite group by $\text{ Fr}$, the inverse of the element $a\mapsto a^q$, with $q=\text{ Card}F$; the kernel of $\rho$ is the inertia subgroup $I_K$ of $G_K$. The Weil group $W_K$ is the inverse image in $G_K$ of the (dense) subgroup of $G_F$ generated by $\text{ Fr}$~; it comes with a homomorphism $n:W_K\rightarrow{\mathbb Z}$, defined by $\rho(\sigma)=\text{ Fr}^{n(\sigma)}$ for all $\sigma\in W_K$. Let $X$ be a $K$-scheme of finite type, and put $\overline X=X\times_K\overline K$. By functoriality, every $\sigma\in W_K$ gives rise to an automorphism $\sigma_*$ of $H^r(\overline X,{\mathbb Q}_l)$. For smooth, proper, purely $d$-dimensional $X$, every correspondence $\Gamma$ on $X$, i.e.~every $d$-cycle $\Gamma$ on $X\times_K X$ modulo rational equivalence, gives rise to the endomorphism $\Gamma^*={\text{ pr}_1}_* \circ([\Gamma]\smile\phantom{\Gamma})\circ{\text{ pr}_2}^*$ of $H^r(\overline X,{\mathbb Q}_l)$. Let $X$ be as above and assume that $l\neq p$. For every $\sigma\in W_K$ and every correspondence $\Gamma$ on $X$, the alternating sum \[ \sum_{r=0}^{2d}(-1)^r\,\text{ Tr}\left(\Gamma^*\circ\sigma_*:H^r(\overline X,{\mathbb Q}_l)\right) \] -- a priori an element of ${\mathbb Q}_l$ --- belongs to $q^{d\inf(0,n(\sigma))}{\mathbb Z}$ and is independent of $l$ (Theorem~0.1). When $\Gamma$ is the diagonal, this was proved by \textit{T. Ochiai} [Math. Ann. 315, No. 2, 321--340 (1999; Zbl 0980.14014)]; when $\sigma$ belongs to the wild inertia, by the author and \textit{K. Kato} [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 100, 5--151 (2004; Zbl 1099.14009)]. For $X$ an abelian variety, the trace of $\Gamma^*\circ\sigma_*:H^r(\overline X,{\mathbb Q}_l)$ was shown to be independent of $l$ by Grothendieck. The author shows that if $X$ is a curve or a surface, the trace of $\Gamma^*\circ\sigma_*:H^r(\overline X,{\mathbb Q}_l)$ belongs to $q^{d\inf(0,n(\sigma))}{\mathbb Z}$ and is independent of $l$ (Corollary~0.2). Further, if $n(\sigma)\geq0$, the characteristic polynomials of $\sigma_*:H^r(\overline X,{\mathbb Q}_l)$ and of $\text{ Fr}_*:H^r(\overline X,{\mathbb Q}_l)^{I_K}$ have coefficients in ${\mathbb Z}$ and are independent of $l$. Moreover, the complex roots of the latter polynomial have absolute value $q^{s/2}$, for a fixed $s$ between $0$ and $r$ (Corollary~0.4). These results confirm, for $d=1$,~$2$, conjectures of \textit{J.-P. Serre} [Facteurs locaux des fonctions zeta des variétés algébriques, Theorie Nombres, Semin. Delange-Pisot-Poitou 11 (1969/70), No.~19 (1970; Zbl 0214.48403)] for arbitrary dimensions~$d$. The main result is deduced from properties of the weight spectral sequence of Rapoport-Zink for semistable schemes over the ring of integers of $K$, using de Jong alterations and the Lefschetz trace formula. The author expects that the same argument, carried out for the weight spectral sequence of Mokrane, should give \[ \text{ Tr}\left(\Gamma^*\circ\sigma_*:H^r(\overline X,{\mathbb Q}_l)\right) = \text{ Tr}\left(\Gamma^*\circ\sigma_*:DH^r(\overline X,{\mathbb Q}_p)\right), \] in the mixed charateristic case, where $DH^r(\overline X,{\mathbb Q}_p)$ is the module functorially associated by Fontaine to the potentially semistable ${\mathbb Q}_p$-representation $H^r(\overline X,{\mathbb Q}_p)$ of $G_K$. When $\Gamma$ is the diagonal, this has been established by Ochiai [loc.~cit.]. Similar results for rigid $K$-spaces have recently been obtained by \textit{Y.~Mieda} [\texttt{math.NT/0508509, math.AG/0601100}], by a modification of the author's method.

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