Persistence of degenerate lower dimensional invariant tori with prescribed frequencies in reversible systems (Q6095765): Difference between revisions

The authors study perturbed reversible systems in the form \[ \dot{w}= N(w)+P(w), \qquad w=(x,y,u,v)\in \mathbb{T}^n\times\mathbb{R}^n\times\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R} , \] where the integrable part \(N\) is \[ N=\begin{pmatrix} \omega_0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0\end{pmatrix} +\begin{pmatrix} \tilde{N}_1(y,u,v) \\ 0 \\ \tilde{N}_3(y,u,v)\\ \tilde{N}_4(y,u,v)\end{pmatrix} , \] and \(P\) is a small reversible perturbation. Here, \(\tilde{N}_1\), \(\tilde{N}_3\) and \(\tilde{N}_4\) consist of linear terms with the exception of a term \(v^{2d+1}\) with \(d\geq 1\). This term explains why \((0,0,0)\) is a degenerate zero of \((\tilde{N}_1,\tilde{N}_3,\tilde{N}_4)\) implying that the corresponding invariant torus \(\mathbb{T}^n\times \{0, 0, 0\}\) is also degenerate. The main result shows persistence of such degenerate invariant tori with a prescribed frequency \(\omega_0\) if \(\omega_0\) satisfies a Diophantine condition and the lower order part \(P_L\), up to order \(2d+1\) of the analytic reversible perturbation \(P\), is sufficiently small. Since the standard KAM approach cannot be used due to degeneracy, some modifications are needed. In particular, in order to control the shift of the equilibrium point in every KAM step, the authors use results on the stability of stable critical points of analytic functions.