Functional characterizations of \(p\)-spaces (Q2440533): Difference between revisions

The author continues an investigation on extensions of continuous maps from a dense set into certain spaces, see e.g. [\textit{L. Holá}, Czech. Math. J. 38(113), No. 3, 398--403 (1988; Zbl 0684.54012)]; this paper gives a characterization of \(p\)-spaces, Čech-complete spaces, and locally compact spaces in terms of extensions of continuous maps on a dense subset of a topological space \(X\) by \textit{quasicontinuous, subcontinuous} extensions to a certain set in \(X\). All maps here are set-valued. A function \(f : X \rightarrow Y\) is \textit{quasicontinuous } at \(x \in X\) if for every open neighborhood \(V\) of \(f(x)\) and every open neighborhood \(U\) of \(x\), there is a non-empty open set \(W \subset U\) with \(f(W) \subset V\); and it is \textit{subcontinuous} at \(x \in X\) if for every net \((x_\sigma)\) in \(X\) converging to \(x\), there is a convergent subnet of \((f(x_\sigma))\). It is \textit{quasicontinous (subcontinuous)} if it is quasicontinuous (subcontinuous) at every point in the space. Quoting the summary, the author shows that ``a completely regular space \(Y\) is a \(p\)-space (a Čech-complete space, a locally compact space) if and only if given a dense subspace \(A\) of any topological space \(X\) and a continuous \(f : A \rightarrow Y\) there are a \(p\)-\(embedded\) subset (resp. a \(G_\delta\)-subset, an open subset) \(M\) of \(X\) containing \(A\) and a \textit{quasicontinuous, subcontinuous} extension \(f^* : M\rightarrow Y\) of \(f\) continuous at every point of \(A\).'' A space \(Y\) is a \(p\)-space if \(Y\) is \(p\)-\(embedded\) in its Čech-Stone compactification \(\beta Y\), i.e., if there are collections \{\(\mathcal{U}_n\)\} of coverings of open sets such that \(\cap_n\{St(y, \mathcal{U}_n)\} \subset Y\) for all \(y \in Y\). The space \(Y\) is Čech-complete if \(Y\) is a \(G_\delta\)-subset of the \(\beta Y\). The proofs draw from previous results such as [\textit{D. Burke} et al., Topology Appl. 20, 161--165 (1985; Zbl 0564.54013)] and use minimal upper semi-continuous maps with non-empty compact values \((usco)\) [\textit{L. Holá} and \textit{D. Holý}, Rocky Mt. J. Math. 39, No. 2, 545--562 (2009; Zbl 1178.54004)], and selections of them. (A selection of a set-valued map \(F : M \rightarrow Y\) is a continuous \(f^* : M\rightarrow Y\) such the \(f^*(x) \in F(x)\).) Such maps were initially discussed in the setting of Banach-space-valued functions, using game-theorectic terms [\textit{J. P. R. Christensen}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 86, 649--655 (1982; Zbl 0506.54016)]. From a minimal usco map, the desired set \(M\) and a quasicontinuous subcontinuous extention can be derived. The notion of a ``\textit{weakly \; developable}'' space [\textit{B. Alleche} et al., Topology Appl. 100, No. 1, 23--38 (2000; Zbl 0935.54027)] is also used. References at the end of the paper provide some of the literature on these topics. The paper ends with the result that when \(Y\) is completely regular and Čech-complete with a \(G_\delta\)-diagonal locally, the set \(M\) constructed in the result is residual in \(X\).