Pre-c-symplectic condition for the product of odd-spheres (Q1946123): Difference between revisions

A Poincaré dual commutative differential graded algebra \((A,d)\), of formal dimension \(2n\) is called c-symplectic if there exists a closed element \(\omega\) of degree 2 such that \(\omega^n\neq 0\). The de Rham algebra of a compact symplectic manifold is c-symplectic. It is known, however, that there exist compact manifolds whose de Rham algebra is c-symplectic but that carry no symplectic structure (see for instance [\textit{M. Audin}, Enseign. Math., II. Sér. 37, No. 1--2, 175--190 (1991; Zbl 0736.53036)], [\textit{G. Lupton} and \textit{J. Oprea}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 91, No. 1--3, 193--207 (1994; Zbl 0789.55010)]). Being c-symplectic is a cohomological property. Assume that \(Y\) is simply connected and c-symplectic, with the ``symplectic'' form \(\omega\in H^2(Y;\mathbb{Q})\); then there is a fibration \(X\to Y\to \mathbb{C}P^\infty\), with \(X\) simply connected. By definition, \(X\) is pre-c-symplectic. The properties of being c-symplectic and pre-c-symplectic are incompatible with one another. In rational homotopy theory, such a fibration is replaced by a Koszul-Sullivan model of the form \[ (\mathbb{Q}[t],0)\to (\mathbb{Q}[t]\otimes\Lambda V,D)\to (\Lambda V,d) \] where the variable \(t\) has degree \(2\). In the paper under review, the authors consider simply connected spaces. Therefore, every topological construction can be mirrored in the rational homotopic framework. The authors forget the geometric context and study this kind of algebraic fibrations, trying to find conditions under which the ``fiber'' \((\Lambda V,d)\) is pre-c-symplectic. They point out that being pre-c-symplectic is a rational homotopic property, rather than a cohomological one. They give necessary and sufficient conditions for a product of odd-dimensional spheres to be pre-c-symplectic (Theorem 1.2). Since every simply connected compact Lie group has the rational homotopy type of a product of odd-dimensional spheres, they obtain as a corollary a classification of pre-c-symplectic simply connected compact Lie groups (Corollary 1.4). Recall that the rational toral rank \(r_0(X)\) of a topological space \(X\) is the largest integer \(r\) such that a torus \(T^r\) acts continuously and almost freely on a space \(X'\) with the same rational homotopy type of \(X\). The fibration \(X\to Y\to \mathbb{C}P^\infty\) induces a fibration \(S^1\to X\to Y\), hence \(X\) is a principal circle bundle over \(Y\). This implies that there exists a space \(X'\), endowed with an almost free \(S^1-\)action, such that \(X'\sim_{\mathbb{Q}}X\), where \(\sim_{\mathbb{Q}}\) denotes rational equivalence. The authors show that a simply connected space \(X\) is pre-c-symplectic if and only if there exists a space \(X'\sim_{\mathbb{Q}}X\) with an almost free circle action such that the quotient space is c-symplectic (Theorem 1.5), hence every pre-c-symplectic space \(X\) has \(r_0(X)\geq 1\). By contrast, a simply connected c-symplectic space \(Y\) has \(r_0(Y)=0\) (Proposition 1.6). Finally (Theorem 1.7), they give a necessary condition for a simply connected space \(X\) to be pre-c-symplectic in terms of the Hasse diagram of rational toral ranks of \(X\) (see [\textit{T. Yamaguchi}, Bull. Belg. Math. Soc. - Simon Stevin 18, No. 3, 493--508 (2011; Zbl 1227.55011)]).