Embeddings and characterizations of Lipschitz spaces (Q2212106): Difference between revisions

Let \[ \Delta^\alpha_h f(x) = \sum^\infty_{j=0} (-1)^j \binom{\alpha}{j} f\big(x+ (\alpha-j) h \big), \quad x\in \mathbb{R}^n, \] \(\alpha >0\), \(h \in \mathbb{R}^n\), be the fractional differences and \[ \omega_\alpha (f,t)_p = \sup_{|h| \le t} \| \Delta^{\alpha}_h f | L_p (\mathbb{R}^n) \| \] be the related modulus of smoothness. Let \[ \mathrm{Lip}^{(\alpha,-b)}_{p,q} (\mathbb{R}^n), \ \alpha >0, \ 1\le p \le \infty, \ 0<q\le \infty, \ b \in \mathbb{R}, \] be the logarithmic Lipschitz spaces, quasi-normed by \[ \| f \|_ {\mathrm{Lip}^{(\alpha,-b)}_{p,q} (\mathbb{R}^n)}=\| f \|_ {L_p (\mathbb{R}^n)} + \Big( \int^1_0 \big( t^{-\alpha} (1- \log t)^{-b} \omega_{\alpha} (f, t)_p \big)^q \frac{dt}{t} \Big)^{1/q}. \] This covers the classical Lipschitz spaces, but also the Bessel-potential spaces \[ H^s_p (\mathbb{R}^n) = \mathrm{Lip}^{(\alpha,0)}_{p,\infty} (\mathbb{R}^n), \qquad 1<p<\infty, \quad \alpha >0. \] Let \(B^s_{p,q} (\mathbb{R}^n)\) be the classical Besov spaces and \(B^{s,b}_{p,q} (\mathbb{R}^n)\) their logarithmic generalizations. The paper studies sharp embeddings between these spaces and wavelet characterizations of these Lipschitz spaces.