Periodic boundary value problems for second-order impulsive integro-differential equations (Q5920464)

The paper deals with the periodic boundary value problem for the nonlinear integro-differential equation \[ -x^{\prime \prime}(t)=f(t,x(t),Kx(t), Sx(t)),\quad t\in [0,T],\tag{1} \] in a Banach space of functions \(x(t)\) continuously differentiable everywhere on \([0,T]\) except for a finite number of points. Here \(f\) is a continuous function, \(K\) and \(S\) are Fredholm and Volterra integral operators: \(Kx(t)=\int^{T}_{0}k(t,s)x(s)\,ds\), \(Sx(t)=\int^{t}_{0}h(t,s)x(s)\,ds\), with given kernels \(k(x,t)\) and \(h(x,t)\). Conditions are established for the existence of minimal and maximal solutions of the considered problem for equation (1). The proof of this result is based on the equivalence of the initial problem and of the impulsive integral equation, with using the Banach fixed-point theorem and two new comparison statements corresponding to the new concept of lower and upper solutions and the monotonic iterative technique.