A Hilbert scheme in computer vision

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Abstract: Multiview geometry is the study of two-dimensional images of three-dimensional scenes, a foundational subject in computer vision. We determine a universal Groebner basis for the multiview ideal of n generic cameras. As the cameras move, the multiview varieties vary in a family of dimension 11n-15. This family is the distinguished component of a multigraded Hilbert scheme with a unique Borel-fixed point. We present a combinatorial study of ideals lying on that Hilbert scheme.


Motivated by applications in computer vision, the authors study multiview varieties. These are subvarieties of \((\mathbb P^2)^n\) that contain the images of \(n\) linear projections from \(\mathbb P^3\) to \(\mathbb P^2\) (``cameras). Knowledge about multiview varieties and their ideals is important for the numeric reconstruction of points from their images. The authors' findings go well-beyond these immediate applications and reveal a fascinating algebraic and combinatorial geometry of the varieties under scrutiny.NEWLINENEWLINEA first important result is that a known generating system of generic multiview ideals is in fact a universal Gröbner basis. This observation is followed by a thorough investigation of multiview ideals and, in particular, a distinguished monomial subideal. An explicit description is given and interesting results on its Hilbert function in the \(\mathbb Z^n\)-grading are provided. The article's main result states that the Hilbert scheme that parametrizes the \(\mathbb Z^n\)-homogeneous ideals with this Hilbert function contains the space of camera positions as a special component.NEWLINENEWLINEThe above statements are true in generic cases. Other results pertain to collinear and infinitesimally neighbouring cameras or less than five cameras with a toric multiview variety.




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