Additional dynamics in transformed time-delay systems

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The authors compare the stability properties of the linear system with one single delay \[ \dot x(t)= Ax(t)+ A_dx(t- r)\tag{1} \] and the transformed system with distributed delay \[ \dot x(t)= (A+ A_d)x(t)- A_d \int^0_{-r} [Ax(t+\tau)+ A_dx(t+ \tau- r)] d\tau,\tag{2} \] where \(r> 0\) is a constant and \(A\), \(A_d\) are (constant) \(n\times n\)-matrices with real entries. The characteristic values of the transformed system (2) consist of those to the original system (1) and some additional characteristic values. It is shown that if \(r\) is sufficiently small, then all additional characteristic values lie in the left half plane. Moreover, the critical value of the delay when such characteristic values cross the imaginary axis can be explicitly calculated.




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