Analysis of one-dimensional structures using Lie groups
The paper is devoted to exploring the mechanical system equation using the Lie group symmetry model in \(3\) steps: a single equation in the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g(E^3)\) of the Lie group of displacements \(D(E^3)\) in the \(3\)-dimensional Euclidean space \(E^3\), more detailed equations by choosing bases and the derived scalar equations.\N\NRegarding the infinitesimal slice \(S\) as a rigid body moving in time \(t\) and apply the Newton-Euler equation, the authors look at the equation \(\rho(S,t)d\rho(S,t)\mathcal T(S,t) + \frac{\partial\Theta}{\partial S}(S,t)dS = \frac{\partial}{\partial t}(\rho(S,t)) dSH(S,t)(V(S,t))\) (Eqn(7)), relating the mass density force distribution \(\rho(S,t)\mathcal T(S, t)\), the Eulerian velocity \(V(S,t)\), the Eulerian picture of the internal action \(\Theta(S,t)\), the Eulerian picture of the density of inertia \(\rho(S,t)H(S,t)\) and the density of momentum \(\rho(S,t)\). The static (denoted with the sub-index 0) equation (21) is an equation in Lie algebra \(\frac{d\Theta_0}{dS_0} + [\mathbf e_0,\Theta_0] +\rho_0\mathcal T_0(S_0) = 0\).\N\NBy specializing the origin at the mass center \(C\) and by choosing a basis in the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g(E^3) = \mathrm{Lie}D(E^3)= \mathfrak t \oplus \mathfrak r\) of the Lie group semi-direct product \(D(E^3) = T(E^3) \rtimes_C R(E^3)\) of the translation group \(T(E^3)\) and the rotation group \(R(E^3)\), for \(\Theta_0 = \mathbf M_0 + \mathbf F_0\) the equations look like equation system (24): \(\frac{d_{C(S_0)}\mathbf F_0}{dS_0} + [\mathbf{\kappa}_0, \mathbf F_0] + \mathbf q = 0\) and \(\frac{d_{C(S_0)}\mathbf M_0}{dS_0}[\mathbf{\kappa}_0, \mathbf M_0] + \mathbf m = 0\).\N\NBy taking the specialized basis \(\mathbf e_1, \mathbf e_2,\mathbf e_3\) of \(E^3\) and the corresponding basis \(e_1,e_2,e_3\) of the Lie algebra, \(\mathbf{\varepsilon} = \sum_i \varepsilon_i e_i\), \(\mathbf{\kappa}_0 = \sum_i \kappa_i e_i \times \overline{S(S_0)a}\), \(\mathbf F_0= \sum_i F_i \times \overline{S(S_0)a}\) and \(\mathbf M_0 = \sum_i M_i e_i\) (Eqns (25)--(28)), the authors arrive at the scalar equations (40), which are compatible with the ordinary equation system in the literature \N\begin{align*} \NF'_1 - F_2\kappa_3+ F_3\kappa_2 +q_1 &= 0\\\NF'_2 - F_1\kappa_3+ F_3\kappa_1 +q_2 &= 0\\\NF'_3 - F_1\kappa_2+ F_2\kappa_1 +q_3 &= 0\\\NM'_1 - M_2\kappa_3+ M_3\kappa_2 - F_2 (\varepsilon_3+1) + F_3 \varepsilon_2 +m_1 &= 0\\\NM'_2 - M_3\kappa_1+ M_1\kappa_3 - F_3 \varepsilon_1 + F_1( \varepsilon_3+1) +m_2 &= 0\\\NM'_3 - M_1\kappa_2+ M_2\kappa_1 - F_1 \varepsilon_2 + F_2 \varepsilon_1 +m_3 &= 0 .\N\end{align*}
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