Building blocks of polarized endomorphisms of normal projective varieties

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2017.11.026MaRDI QIDQ1688633zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 11 January 2018

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.01345

Fano variety minimal model program polarized endomorphism Q-abelian variety

Automorphisms and endomorphisms of algebraic structures (08A35) Minimal model program (Mori theory, extremal rays) (14E30) Iteration of holomorphic maps, fixed points of holomorphic maps and related problems for several complex variables (32H50)

Abstract: An endomorphism

f

of a projective variety X is polarized (resp. quasi-polarized) if

f^{*} H

is linearly equivalent to

q H

for some ample (resp. nef and big) Cartier divisor

H

and integer

q > 1

. First, we use cone analysis to show that a quasi-polarized endomorphism is always polarized, and the polarized property descends via any equivariant dominant rational map. Next, we show that a suitable maximal rationally connected fibration (MRC) can be made

f

-equivariant using a construction of N. Nakayama, that

f

descends to a polarized endomorphism of the base Y of this MRC and that this Y is a Q-abelian variety (quasi-'etale quotient of an abelian variety). Finally, we show that we can run the minimal model program (MMP)

f

-equivariantly for mildly singular X and reach either a Q-abelian variety or a Fano variety of Picard number one. As a consequence, the building blocks of polarized endomorphisms are those of Q-abelian varieties and those of Fano varieties of Picard number one. Along the way, we show that

f

always descends to a polarized endomorphism of the Albanese variety Alb(X) of X, and that the pullback of a power of

f

acts as a scalar multiplication on the Neron-Severi group of X (modulo torsion) when X is smooth and rationally connected. Partial answers about X being of Calabi-Yau type, or Fano type are also given with an extra primitivity assumption on

f

which seems necessary by an example.

Review text

The paper under review investigates polarized endomorphism. Let \(X\) be a normal projective variety. An endomorphism \(f:X\to X\) is said to be \textit{polarized} if there is an ample Cartier divisor \(H\) such that \(f^*H\sim qH\) for some integer \(q>1\). As the first result, this paper proves that \(f\) is polarized if there is a big \(\mathbb{R}\)-Cartier divisor \(H\) such that \(f^*H\equiv qH\) for some rational number \(q>1\), or there is a big \(\mathbb{R}\)-divisor \(H\) such that \(f^*H\equiv_w qH\) for some rational number \(q>1\). This gives an equivalent definition of polarized endomorphism with weaker conditions. Secondly this paper proves that the polarized property descends via equivariant dominant rational map. Namely, assume that \(\pi:X\dashrightarrow Y\) is a dominant rational map and \(g:Y\to Y\) a endomorphism such that \(g\circ \pi=\pi\circ f\), then \(g\) is polarized providing that \(f\) is polarized. As a corollary, it is shown that a polarized endomorphism always descends to a polarized endomorphism on \(\text{Alb}(X)\) via the Albanese map. As another application, it is shown that a polarized endomorphism always descends via a special MRC fibration. Namely, assume that \(f\) is polarized, then there is a special MRC \(\pi:X\dashrightarrow Y\) in the sense of Nakayama and a endomorphism \(g\) on \(Y\) such that (1) \(g\circ \pi=\pi\circ f\) and \(g\) is polarized; (2) \(Y\) is Q-abelian; (3) the induced map from the normalization of the grap of \(\pi\) to \(Y\) is equidimensional with each fiber rationally connected; (4) \(\pi\) is a morphism if \(X\) is klt. Finally, it is shown that by running MMP equivariantly, we can reach either a Q-abelian variety or a Fano variety of Picard number one. Namely, if \(f\) is polarized and \(X\) is \(\mathbb{Q}\)-factorial klt, then after replacing \(f\) by a positive power, there exists a Q-abelian variety \(Y\), a morphism \(X\to Y\), and an \(f\)-equivariant relative MMP over \(Y\) \[ X=X_1\dashrightarrow \cdots\dashrightarrow X_i\dashrightarrow \cdots\dashrightarrow X_r= Y \] such that (1) if \(K_X\) is pseudo-effective, then \(X=Y\); (2) if \(K_{X}\) is not pseudo-effective, then for each \(i\), \(X_i\to Y\) is equidimensional with every fiber rationally connected and \(X_{r-1}\to X_r=Y\) is a Fano contraction. As a consequence, the building blocks of polarized endomorphism are those of a Q-abelian variety or a Fano variety of Picard number one.

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