Polarized endomorphisms of complex normal varieties

Coverings in algebraic geometry (14E20) Families, moduli, classification: algebraic theory (14J10) Normal analytic spaces (32C20) Iteration of holomorphic maps, fixed points of holomorphic maps and related problems for several complex variables (32H50)

Abstract: It is shown that a complex normal projective variety has non-positive Kodaira dimension if it admits a non-isomorphic quasi-polarized endomorphism. The geometric structure of the variety is described by methods of equivariant lifting and fibrations. (For endomorphisms of projective spaces, see version 1).

Review text

The authors study thoroughly the structure of \(n\)-dimensional normal complex-projective varieties \(X\) with non-isomorphic regular morphisms \(f:X\rightarrow X\) which are polarized in the sense that \(f^*(H)\) is linear equivalent to \(qH\), \(q>0\), for some ample divisor \(H\) on \(X\). This implies \(f\) finite and surjective, \(q\in\mathbb N\), deg \(f=q^n\). The first main result describes the general structure of \(X\). There exists a normal projective variety \(V\) with a polarized endomorphism \(f_V\), a finite morphism \(\tau:V\rightarrow X\), étale in codimension one, and a dominant rational map \(\pi\) from \(V\) to a product \(A\times S\) of an abelian variety \(A\) (with a polarized endomorphism \(f_A\)) and a weak Calabi-Yau variety \(S\) (with a polarized endomorphism \(f_S\)) such that \(\tau\circ f_V=f\circ\tau\), \(\pi\circ f_V=(f_A\times f_S)\circ\pi\). Moreover the Kodaira dimension \(\kappa(X)\) is non-positive. The authors conjecture that \(\dim S=0\). If \(X\) is not uniruled then \(\pi\) is an isomorphism and \(\kappa(X)=0\). In the uniruled case the projection of the graph of \(\pi\) to \(A\times S\) is birationally equivalent to the maximal rationally connected fibration of a smooth model of \(V\). For a more detailed description of \(X\) the authors study the family \(\mathfrak{F}\) of all \((X',f',\tau)\) with \(X'\) a normal projective variety, \(f'\) an endomorphism of \(X'\), \(\tau: X'\rightarrow X\) a finite surjective morphism, étale of codimension one, with \(\tau\circ f'=f\circ\tau\). The structure of \(X\) is described in dependence of \(q^\natural(X,f)\) which is defined as \(\sup\{\dim H^1(X',{\mathcal{O}}_{X'})\,|\,(X',f',\tau)\in\mathfrak{F}\}\). There are specific results for \(q^\natural(X,f)\in\{0, n-1, n\}\) and for \(q^\natural(X,f)\geq n-3\). In particular, if \(q^\natural(X,f)=0\) and \(n\leq 3\) then \(X\) is rationally connected, and \(q^\natural(X,f)=n\) if and only if there is an abelian variety \(A\) and a finite surjective morphism \(A\rightarrow X\), étale in codimension one. \newline Some of the results in the paper are more generally shown for quasi-polarized endomorphisms (in the definition of ``polarized substitute ``ample by ``big and nef). The authors use a broad spectrum of algebro-geometric methods and techniques for the proofs, in particular those from the minimal model program. There is a series of results about the structure of complex-projective manifolds which admit a non-isomorphic surjective regular morphism \(f:X\rightarrow X\), see e.g. \textit{E. Amerik} [Manuscr. Math. 111, No. 1, 17--28 (2003; Zbl 1016.14008)], \textit{N. Fakhruddin} [J. Ramanujan Math. Soc. 18, No. 2, 109--122 (2003; Zbl 1053.14025)], \textit{Y. Fujimoto} and \textit{N. Nakayama} [J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 47, No. 1, 79--114 (2007; Zbl 1138.14023)], \textit{S. Cantat} [Enseign. Math., II. Sér. 49, No. 3--4, 237--262 (2003; Zbl 1059.32003)], \textit{J.-M. Hwang} and \textit{N. Mok} [J. Algebr. Geom. 12, No. 4, 627--651 (2003; Zbl 1038.14018)].

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