Construction of compactly supported shearlet frames

DOI10.1007/S00365-011-9142-YMaRDI QIDQ663318zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Pisamai Kittipoom, Gitta Kutyniok, Wang-Q Lim

Publication date 14 February 2012

Published in Constructive Approximation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1003.5481

curvilinear discontinuities, edges filters nonlinear approximation optimal sparsity scaling function shearlet wavelet

General harmonic expansions, frames (42C15) Nontrigonometric harmonic analysis involving wavelets and other special systems (42C40) Numerical methods for wavelets (65T60) Numerical methods in Fourier analysis (65T99) Image processing (compression, reconstruction, etc.) in information and communication theory (94A08)

Abstract: Shearlet tight frames have been extensively studied during the last years due to their optimal approximation properties of cartoon-like images and their unified treatment of the continuum and digital setting. However, these studies only concerned shearlet tight frames generated by a band-limited shearlet, whereas for practical purposes compact support in spatial domain is crucial. In this paper, we focus on cone-adapted shearlet systems which -- accounting for stability questions -- are associated with a general irregular set of parameters. We first derive sufficient conditions for such cone-adapted irregular shearlet systems to form a frame and provide explicit estimates for their frame bounds. Secondly, exploring these results and using specifically designed wavelet scaling functions and filters, we construct a family of cone-adapted shearlet frames consisting of compactly supported shearlets. For this family, we derive estimates for the ratio of their frame bounds and prove that they provide optimally sparse approximations of cartoon-like images.

Review text

Fairly general sufficient conditions for a {\textit{cone-adapted shearlet frame}} for \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^2)\) are given. A specific construction of a discrete shearlet frame with compactly supported generating function is then provided, followed by a discussion of \(N\)-term approximation bounds and implementation complexity. The sufficient frame criteria requires the introduction of a \textit{feasible shearlet system} parametrized by sequences \(\{a_j\}_{j\geq 0}\subset \mathbb{R}^{+}\) such that \(a_{j+p}\leq \mu a_{j}\) for some fixed \(p\in \mathbb{N}\) and \(\mu>0\), \(\{s_{j,k}=s_k\sqrt{a_j}\}_{j\geq 0},\, k\in K_j\) with \(K_j\) an appropriate bounded subset of integers containing zero such that \(|s_k|\leq \sqrt{a_j}+1\) when \(k\in K_j\), and \(\{t_{j,k,m}^c\}_{j\geq 0,\;k\in K_j,\;m\in\mathbb{Z}^2}\subset \mathbb{R}^2\). Here, \(t_{j,k,m}^c=S_{s_{j,k}}A_{a_j} M_c m\) where \(S_s\) is the \(2\times 2\) shear matrix with identity along the diagonal and upper right entry \(s\), \(A_a\) is the scaling matrix with diagonal entries \(\sqrt{a}\) and \(1/\sqrt{a}\), and \(M\) is diagonal with entries \(c_1\) and \(c_2\). One assumes a shear bound condition \[ \sup_{x=(x_1,x_2)\in \mathbb{R}^2} \sum_{k\in\mathbb{Z}} \min\left\{1,\left |(S_{s_k}x)_2\right|\right\}\cdot \min\left\{1,\left |(S_{s_k}x)_1\right|^{-\gamma}\right\}\leq C(\gamma)<\infty \] for any \(\gamma>1\). A function \(\psi\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^2)\) is then called a \textit{feasible shearlet} if there exist \(\alpha>\gamma>3\) and \(q>q'>0\) and \(r\in (0,q)\) such that \[ |\hat\psi(\xi_1,\xi_2)|\leq \min\{1,|q\xi_1|^\alpha\}\cdot \min\{1,|q'\xi_1|^{-\gamma}\}\cdot \min\{1,|r\xi_2|^{-\gamma}\}, \] governing localization of the Fourier transform \(\hat{\psi}\) in the frequency domain. For \[ \Phi(\xi,\omega)=\sum_{j\geq 0}\sum_{k\in K_j} |\hat{\psi}(S_{s_k}^T A_{a_j}\xi)||\hat\psi(S_{s_k}^T A_{a_j}\xi +\omega)| \] one sets \[ L_{\text{inf}}=\text{ess}\,\inf_{\xi\in \mathcal{C}} \Phi(\xi,0),\quad L_{\text{sup}}=\text{ess}\, \sup_{\xi\in \mathcal{C}} \Phi(\xi,0) \] where \(\mathcal{C}=\{(\xi_1,\xi_2):\xi_1\geq 1,\,\, |\xi_2/\xi_1|\leq 1\}\), and \[ \Gamma(\omega) =\text{ess}\, \sup_{\xi\in\mathcal{C}} \Phi(\xi,\omega),\quad R(c)=\sum_{m\in\mathbb{Z}^2\setminus \{0\}} [\Gamma(M_c^{-1}m)\Gamma(-M_c^{-1}m)]^{1/2} \] where \(c=(c_1,c_2)\in (\mathbb{R}_+)^2\). It is proved then that the shearlet set \(\mathcal{SH}(\Lambda,\psi)\), \[ \mathcal{SH}_{\phi,\psi,\tilde{\psi}}(f)(t',(a,s,t),(\tilde{a},\tilde{s},\tilde{t})) =(\langle f,\phi_{t'}\rangle, \langle f,\psi_{a,s,t}\rangle, \langle f,\tilde\psi_{\tilde{a},\tilde{s},\tilde{t}}\rangle) \] and \(\psi_{a,s,t}=a^{-3/4}\psi(A_a^{-1}S_s^{-1}(\cdot-t))\), forms a frame for \(L^2(\mathcal{C})\) with frame bounds \(A,B\) if \[ \frac{1}{\det M_c} [L_{\text{inf}}-R(c)]\leq A\leq B\leq \frac{1}{\det M_c} [L_{\text{sup}}-R(c)]. \] To construct an actual example, the authors choose the feasible set of parameters \[ \Lambda =\left\{(2^{-j},k2^{j/2},S_{k2^{j/2}}A_{2^j}M_c m):\, j\geq 0, |k|\leq \lceil 2^{j/2}\rceil,\, m\in \mathbb{Z}^2\right\}, \,\, c\in (\mathbb{R}_+)^2. \] One defines a shearlet function \(\psi\) by \[ \hat\psi=m_1(4\xi_1)\hat\phi(\xi_1)\hat\phi(2\xi_2),\quad m_1(\xi_1)=m_0(\xi_1+1/2) \] in which \(m_0\) is a polynomial low-pass quadrature mirror filter having enough regularity that the scaling function \(\hat\phi(\xi_1)=\prod_{j=0}^\infty m_0(\xi_1/2^j)\) is bounded below in a neighborhood of the origin, has an appropriate decay, and its inverse Fourier transform \(\phi\) has compact support. It is proved that this set of parameters and feasible shearlet indeed give a shearlet frame for \(L^2(\mathcal{C})\). The digital shearlet transform corresponding to these parameters and filter is shown to implement with \(O\left(2^{\log_2 (1/2(L/2-1))}LM^2\right)\) complexity for parameters \(M,L\) that arise in the construction of the filter \(m_0\). One also has an \(N\)-term approximation bound of the form \[ \left\|f-\sum_{\lambda\in\Lambda_N} \langle P_J(f),\psi_\lambda\rangle \tilde\psi_\lambda\right\|_2^2 \leq C (\log N)^3\cdot N^{-2},\quad N\to\infty, \] where \(P_J\) denotes orthogonal projection onto the approximation space of a suitable orthogonal scaling function and \(\tilde\psi_{\lambda}\) is a dual shearlet frame generator for the same feasible parameter set \(\Lambda\).

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