Cosmological bubble friction in local equilibrium

DOI10.1088/1475-7516/2021/03/051MaRDI QIDQ5026012zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Michael Spannowsky, Carlos Tamarit

Publication date 7 February 2022

Published in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.08013

zbMATH Keywords

cosmological phase transitionscosmology of theories beyond the SMparticle physics-cosmology connectionphysics of the early universe

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Inference from stochastic processes and spectral analysis (62M15) Liquid-gas two-phase flows, bubbly flows (76T10) Ionized gas flow in electromagnetic fields; plasmic flow (76X05) Unified quantum theories (81V22) Nuclear physics (81V35) Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B26) Macroscopic interaction of the gravitational field with matter (hydrodynamics, etc.) (83C55) Relativistic cosmology (83F05) Measures of information, entropy (94A17)

Abstract: In first-order cosmological phase transitions, the asymptotic velocity of expanding bubbles is of crucial relevance for predicting observables like the spectrum of stochastic gravitational waves, or for establishing the viability of mechanisms explaining fundamental properties of the universe such as the observed baryon asymmetry. In these dynamic phase transitions, it is generally accepted that subluminal bubble expansion requires out-of-equilibrium interactions with the plasma which are captured by friction terms in the equations of motion for the scalar field. This has been disputed in works pointing out subluminal velocities in local equilibrium arising either from hydrodynamic effects in deflagrations or from the entropy change across the bubble wall in general situations. We argue that both effects are related and can be understood from the conservation of the entropy of the degrees of freedom in local equilibrium, leading to subluminal speeds for both deflagrations and detonations. The friction effect arises from the background field dependence of the entropy density in the plasma, and can be accounted for by simply imposing local conservation of stress-energy and including field dependent thermal contributions to the effective potential. We illustrate this with explicit calculations of dynamic and static bubbles for a first-order electroweak transition in a Standard Model extension with additional scalar fields.

Recommendations

• Effective picture of bubble expansion
• Bubble wall velocity: heavy physics effects
• Velocity of electroweak bubble walls
• Detonations and deflagrations in cosmological phase transitions
• Field-theoretic derivation of bubble-wall force

Cites work

• Cosmological backgrounds of gravitational waves
• Detonations and deflagrations in cosmological phase transitions
• Electroweak bubble wall speed limit
• Field-theoretic derivation of bubble-wall force
• Towards an all-orders calculation of the electroweak bubble wall velocity
• Velocity of electroweak bubble walls

Cited in

(27)

• Bubble dynamics in the expanding universe
• Bubble nucleation and growth in slow cosmological phase transitions
• Analytic approach to the motion of cosmological phase transition fronts
• Field-theoretic derivation of bubble-wall force
• Electroweak bubble wall expansion: gravitational waves and baryogenesis in standard model-like thermal plasma
• Bubble wall dynamics at the electroweak phase transition
• Friction pressure on relativistic bubble walls
• Detection of early-universe gravitational-wave signatures and fundamental physics
• Bubble wall velocity: heavy physics effects
• Effective picture of bubble expansion
• The energy budget of cosmological first-order phase transitions beyond the bag equation of state
• Bubble wall velocities in local equilibrium
• A sonic boom in bubble wall friction
• Model-independent bubble wall velocities in local thermal equilibrium
• Model-dependent analysis method for energy budget of the cosmological first-order phase transition
• Spherical and non-spherical bubbles in cosmological phase transitions
• Logarithmically divergent friction on ultrarelativistic bubble walls
• Bubble-wall velocity in local thermal equilibrium: hydrodynamical simulations vs analytical treatment
• Quantisation across bubble walls and friction
• Bubble wall velocities with an extended fluid \textit{Ansatz}
• Green's functions in the presence of a bubble wall
• The hydrodynamics of inverse phase transitions
• Thermal pressure on ultrarelativistic bubbles from a semiclassical formalism
• Bubble wall dynamics from nonequilibrium quantum field theory
• Gauge fields in the presence of the electroweak bubble wall
• Hydrodynamics of phase transition fronts and the speed of sound in the plasma
• Detonations and deflagrations in cosmological phase transitions

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