On two theorems of M. G. Krein concerning polynomials orthogonal on the unit circle (Q1100399)

Let f be a nonzero real-valued Lebesgue-integrable function on [- \(\pi\),\(\pi\) ] and let \(\{c_ k\}^{\infty}_{-\infty}\) be the Fourier coefficients of f. The authors study some properties of the indefinite inner product \(<p,q>\) in the space of complex polynomials defined by \[ <p,q>=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int^{\pi}_{- \pi}(\ell^{i\theta})\overline{q(\ell^{i\theta})}f(\theta)d\theta \] for polynomials p(z) and q(z). Let \(\{f_ n\}_ 0^{\infty}\) be the sequence of polynomials arizing from the sequence \(1,z,z^ 2,..\). by the orthogonalization procedure in the sense of the above definition. Denoting by \(D_ k\) the determinant of the matrix \((c_{i-j})^ k_{i,j=0}\) for \(k=0,1,..\). the authors prove the following statement. Let \(n\geq 1\). Suppose that \(D_ k\neq 0\) for \(k=0,...,n\). Let \(\beta_ n\) (respectively, \(\gamma_ n)\) denote the number of permanences (respectively, changes) of sign in the sequence \(1,D_ 0,D_ 1,...,D_{n-1}\). If \(D_ nD_{n-1}>0\), then the n-th orthogonal polynomial \(f_ n\) has \(\beta_ n\) zeros, counting multiplicities, inside the unit circle. If \(D_ nD_{n-1}<0\), then \(f_ n\) has \(\gamma_ n\) zeros, counting multiplicities inside the unit circle. They also show that a polynomial \(x_ 0z^ n+x,z^{n-1}+...+x_ n\) with \(x_ 0\neq 0\) is the n-th orthogonal polynomial for an inner product as defined above, if and only if \(x_ 0\) is real and the polynomial has no zeros on the unit circle and no pair of zeros that are symmetric with respect to the unit circle.