Relative K-stability for Kähler manifolds (Q1627763)

An almost Hermitian manifold \((M,g,J)\) is called a Kähler manifold if the almost complex structure \(J\) is integrable and the Kähler 2-form \(\Omega\) given by \(\Omega(X,Y)=g(JX,Y)\) is closed, or equivalently if \(\nabla J=0\) with respect to the Levi-Civita connection \(\nabla\) of \(g\). The metric \(g\) is then a Kähler metric. If \((M,J)\) is a compact complex manifold, \(\mathcal{K}\) is the space of Kähler metrics on \(M\), and \(\mathcal{C}\) is the Calabi energy functional defined as \(\mathcal{C}(g)=\int_Ms^2d\mu\), where \(s\) is the scalar curvature and \(d\mu\) is the Riemannian volume form of the given metric \(g\), then it was shown by \textit{E. Calabi}, in [Ann. Math. Stud. 102, 259--290 (1982; Zbl 0487.53057)], that the Euler-Lagrange equation for the minimization \(\mathcal{C}\) over all Kähler metrics \(g=\omega(\cdot,J\cdot)\) with the Kähler class \([\omega]=\Omega\in H^{1,1}(M,\mathbb R)\subset H^2(M,\mathbb R)\) is equivalent to requiring that \(\nabla^{1,0}s\) be a holomorphic vector field. The solution of this equation is a so-called extremal Kähler metric. In [Math. Res. Lett. 24, No. 3, 689--739 (2017; Zbl 1390.32021)], the present author and \textit{J. Ross} formulated a notion of \(K\)-stability for Kähler manifolds that are not necessarily projective. If \(X\) is a Kähler manifold and \([\omega]\) is a Kähler class, then a test configuration for \((X,[\omega])\) is a normal Kähler space \((\mathcal{X},\Omega)\) together with a surjective flat map \(\pi:\mathcal{X}\rightarrow \mathbb P^1\), a \(\mathbb C^\ast\)-action on \(\mathcal{X}\), and a biholomorphism \(\alpha:\pi^{-1}(\mathbb P^1\setminus\{0\}) \simeq X\times \mathbb P^1\setminus \{0\}\) such that (i)\, the \(\mathbb C^\ast\)-action covers the usual action on \(\mathbb P^1\) such that \(\Omega\) is \(S^1\)-invariant and preserves the Bott-Chern cohomology class of \(\Omega\) and (ii)\, the biholomorphism is \(\mathbb C^\ast\)-equivariant such that \([\Omega_t]=[\alpha_t^\ast\omega]\) for all \(t\in \mathbb P^1\setminus\{0\}\). The minimum norm of the test configuration \((\mathcal{X},\Omega)\) is defined as \(\|(\mathcal{X},\Omega)\|_m=[g^\ast\Omega].[q^\ast\omega]^n-\frac{[g^\ast\Omega]^{n+1}}{n+1}\) by taking the resolution of indeterminacy \(\mathcal{Y}\rightarrow{q} X\times \mathbb P^1\) and \(\mathcal{Y}\rightarrow{g}\mathcal{X}\). The Kähler manifold \((X,[\omega])\) is \(K\)-stable if \(DF(\mathcal{X},\Omega)>0\) for all test configurations \((\mathcal{X},\Omega)\) for \((X,[\omega])\) with \(\|(\mathcal{X},\Omega)\|_m>0\), where \(DF\) is the Donaldson-Futaki invariant of \((X,[\omega])\) defined by \textit{S. K. Donaldson} in [J. Differ. Geom. 62, No. 2, 289--349 (2002; Zbl 1074.53059)]. An important special case of extremal metrics are constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics, and hence Kähler-Einstein metrics. The authors proved that if \((X,[\omega])\) is a Kähler manifold with discrete automorphism group admitting a constant scalar curvature Kähler metric, then it is \(K\)-stable. In [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 39, No. 1, 76--84 (2007; Zbl 1111.53057)], \textit{G. Székelyhidi} gave a definition of relative \(K\)-stability and conjectured that it should be equivalent to the existence of an extremal metric. In this paper, the author defines a notion of relative \(K\)-stability for Kähler manifolds using Kähler techniques, and the main result states that if \((X,[\omega])\) admits an extremal metric, then it is relatively \(K\)-stable. When the Kähler manifold is projective, the definition of relative \(K\)-stability presented by the author is stronger than the definition given by Székelyhidi. In particular the author's result strengthens the known results in the projective case, even for constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics. Also, the author proves a general \(L^p\) lower bound on the Calabi functional involving test configurations and their associated numerical invariants.