Semi-stable vector bundles on fibred varieties (Q1630210)

This article introduces and investigates a notion of semistability of torsion-free sheaves relative to a surjective morphism \(\pi:Y\to X\) between irreducible smooth complex varieties such that \(d_Y:=\text{dim} Y>d_X:=\text{dim} X>0\). Fix an ample line bundle \(A\) on \(X\), a big, semi-ample, \(\pi\)-ample line bundle \(L\) on \(Y\) and \(c>0\) and let \(L_c:=L+c \cdot\pi^{\ast}A\); the slope with respect of \(L_c\), \(L\) and \(A\) of a torsion-free sheaf \(\mathcal{F}\) on \(Y\) is defined as \(\mu_{L_c}(\mathcal{F}):=(c_1(\mathcal{F})L_cA^{d_X-1}L^{d_Y-d_X-1})/\text{rk}(\mathcal{F})\). The sheaf \(\mathcal{F}\) is said to be \(L_c\)-(semi)stable if it is (semi)stable with respect to this slope. The main theorem of this paper relates \(L_c\)-semistability with semistability on the generic fibre of \(\pi\). More precisely, the author proves that there exists an explicit constant \(k_{\mathcal{F}}\), depending on \(\text{rk}(\mathcal{F})\), \(c_1(\mathcal{F})\) and \(c_2(\mathcal{F})\), such that if a torsion-free sheaf \(\mathcal{F}\) on \(Y\) is \(L_c\)-(semi)stable with \(c>k_{\mathcal{F}}\), then its restriction to the generic fibre of \(\pi\) is (semi)stable and it is \(L_a\)-(semi)stable for any \(a\geq c\). On the other hand, if the restriction of \(\mathcal{F}\) to the generic fibre of \(\pi\) is stable, then \(\mathcal{F}\) is \(L_c\) stable for any \(c>k_{\mathcal{F}}\). The same holds for \(G\)-principal bundles on \(Y\), with \(G\) a connected reductive algebraic group. Then the author applies this notion of semistability and the previous result to the study of moduli spaces of vector bundles on Hirzebruch surfaces and on \(\mathbb{P}^2\)-bundles on \(\mathbb{P}^1\). In the former case, he obtaines that the moduli space of stable rank \(r\) vector bundles with \(c_1=0\) and \(c_2\geq r\geq 2\) is rational. In the latter case, he shows that the moduli space of semi-stable vector bundles with \(c_1=c_3=0\) has a non-empty main component which is irreducible, generically smooth and rational.