A note on surfaces with \(p_{g} = q = 2\) and an irrational fibration (Q1707386)

The classification of surfaces \(S\) of general type with \(\chi(\mathcal O_S)=1\) (i.e., \(p_g(S)=q(S)\)) is a challenging open problem. It is known that in this case \(p_g \leq 4\), and the cases \(p_g=3, 4\) are nowadays completely classified. It seems that the classification becomes more complicated as the value of \(p_g\) decreases and the case \(p_g\leq 2\) is still rather unknown. The case \(p_g=2\) is solved when the image of the Albanese map \(\alpha\colon S\to \mathrm{Alb}(S)\) is a curve, but there ist no classfication if \(S\) has maximal Albanese dimension: \(\dim(\alpha(S))=2\). In the paper under review the authors provide a structure result for surfaces \(S\) of general type with \(p_g(S)=q(S)=2\) and maximal Albanese dimension having an irrational fibration \(f:S\to E\). They prove: \(E\) is an elliptic curve, and the push-forward of the relative canonical sheaf \(f_* \omega_{S/E}\) splits as \[f_* \omega_{S/E}=\mathcal O_E\oplus E_p(r,1) \oplus \bigoplus_{i=2}^{g-r} \mathcal L_i\,,\] where \(g\) denotes the genus of the general fiber of \(f\), \(E_p(r,1)\) denotes the unique indecomposable vector bundle on \(E\) of rank \(r\geq 1\) and determinant \(\mathcal O_E(p)\), and the \(\mathcal L_i\) are pairweise non-isomorphic, non-trivial torsion line bundles on \(E\). In the second part of the paper the authors compute explicitly the invariant \(r\) in several examples, in particular they show that \(r\) can be arbitrarily big.