Isotropic Lagrangian submanifolds in the homogeneous nearly Kähler \(\mathbb S^3\times\mathbb S^3\) (Q1708056)

Consider the product manifold \(\mathbb{S}^3\times\mathbb{S}^3\), and let \(\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle\) be the standard product metric on it. In view of the natural decomposition \(T_{(p,q)}(\mathbb{S}^3\times\mathbb{S}^3) \simeq T_p\mathbb{S}^3\oplus T_q\mathbb{S}^3\), one can write each tangent vector \(Z \in T_{(p,q)}(\mathbb{S}^3\times\mathbb{S}^3)\) as \(Z = (U,V) \in T_p\mathbb{S}^3\oplus T_q\mathbb{S}^3\) and construct the almost complex structure \[ JZ(p,q) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(2pq^{-1}V - U, -2qp^{-1}U + V), \] where we are assuming that \(\mathbb{S}^3\times\mathbb{S}^3\) is endowed with its usual group structure. From that, one can define the Hermitian metric \[ g(Z,Z') = \frac{1}{2}(\langle Z,Z'\rangle + \langle JZ,JZ'\rangle), \] for any tangent vectors \(Z,Z' \in T_{(p,q)}(\mathbb{S}^3\times\mathbb{S}^3)\). With that structure, the manifold \(\mathbb{S}^3\times\mathbb{S}^3\) becomes a \textit{homogeneous Nearly Kähler (NK) manifold}, meaning that \((\tilde{\nabla}_ZJ)Z = 0\) for any tangent vector \(Z\), where \(\tilde{\nabla}\) denotes the Levi-Civita connection of \(g\). A submanifold \(M\) of an almost Hermitian manifold is called \textit{Lagrangian} if the almost complex structure \(J\) interchanges the tangent and normal spaces, that is, if \(JTM = T^{\perp}M\). Moreover, a Lagrangian submanifold \(M\) is called \textit{\(J\)-isotropic} if there exists a function \(\lambda\) defined on \(M\) such that \[ g((\nabla h)(v,v,v),Jv) = \lambda(p)(g(v,v))^2, \] for any \(p \in M\) and \(v \in T_pM\), where \(h\) is the second fundamental form of the immersion. If \(\lambda\) vanishes everywhere, then \(M\) is said to be \textit{\(J\)-parallel}. In the present paper, the authors are mainly concerned with Lagrangian submanifolds of \((\mathbb{S}^3\times\mathbb{S}^3,J,g)\) which are \(J\)-isotropic. They show that any of these submanifolds is actually \(J\)-parallel (extending a result which was previously known to the homogeneous NK manifold \(\mathbb{S}^6\)). Moreover, they give a complete local classification of them. It is also worth mentioning that, in a more general setting, the authors prove that a Lagrangian submanifold \(M\) of any \(6\)-dimensional NK manifold is isotropic if and only if it is totally geodesic. Here, \textit{isotropic} means that there exists a function \(\mu\) defined on \(M\) such that the equality \[ g(h(v,v),h(v,v)) = \mu(p)^2(g(v,v))^2, \] holds for any \(p \in M\) and \(v \in T_pM\). However, a \(J\)-isotropic Lagrangian submanifold is not necessarily totally geodesic, as the authors show by giving examples. In the ending of the paper the authors pose the problem of classifying all Lagrangian submanifolds of the NK manifold \(\mathbb{S}^3\times\mathbb{S}^3\) having \textit{isotropic cubic form}, meaning that there exists a non-negative function \(\sigma\) on \(M\) such that \(||(\nabla h)(v,v,v)|| = \sigma(p)\) for each \(p \in M\) and \(v \in T_pM\).