On the one-dimensional family of Riemann surfaces of genus \(q\) with 4\(q\) automorphisms (Q1713031)

Let $S$ be a Riemann surface of genus $g \geq 2$. Then, the order of the automorphism group of $S$ is at most $84(g-1)$. If additional conditions on the surface or on the group are included, this upper bound is very much shortened. In that sense, deep results have been obtained on families of surfaces of genus $g$ having $4g+4$, or $4g$, automorphisms. In particular, \textit{E. Bujalance} et al. have obtained in [Topology Appl. 218, 1--18 (2017; Zbl 1360.30033)] all the Riemann surfaces of genus $g$ with exactly $4g$ automorphisms. Except the values of $g = 3, 6, 12, 15, 30$, for a given $g$ these surfaces form an equisymmetric one-dimensional family $\mathcal{F}_g$. The automorphism group $G$ of each surface $S$ is isomorphic to the dihedral group $D_{2g}$, and $S/G$ has genus $0$. \par The present article is devoted to study properties of the surfaces $S$ in $\mathcal{F}_g$, and the author restricts himself to $g$ being a prime $q \geq 5$. In Section 3, using that $S \in \mathcal{F}_q$ is hyperelliptic, Theorem 1 gives an algebraic description of the surface, and Theorem 2 provides two explicit generators of its automorphism group. Section 4 is dedicated to study the Jacobian variety $JS$ of $S$, and its group algebra decomposition with respect to $G$. Section 5 considers the fields of definition of $S$. Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained in Theorems 5 and 6 that characterize when $S$ and $JS$ can be defined by polynomials with real coefficients, resp. algebraic coefficients. Finally, in Section 6 the author studies a special variety in the moduli space of principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension $q$ associated to each $S \in \mathcal{F}_q$, with a special focus on the case $q = 5$.