Modified Ringel-Hall algebras, Green's formula and derived Hall algebras (Q1734218)

Let $k$ be a finite field and $ \mathcal{A}$ be an essentially small hereditary abelian $k$-category which is finitary, that is, such that the $k$-vector spaces $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal{A}}(M,M)$ and $\mathrm{Ext}^1_{\mathcal{A}}(M,N)$ are finite dimensional vector spaces for every pair $M,N$ of objects of $ \mathcal{A}$. Let ${\mathcal{C}}^b( \mathcal{A})$ be the category of bounded $\mathbb{Z}$-graded complexes. In this paper a modified Ringel-Hall algebra $ \mathcal{MH}( \mathcal{A})$ is defined, as follows. For any object $A$ of $ \mathcal{A}$, let $\widehat{A}$ denote the corresponding element in the Grothendieck group $K_0( \mathcal{A})$. Since $ \mathcal{A}$ is hereditary, the multiplicative Euler form $\langle-,-\rangle\colon K_0( \mathcal{A})\times K_0( \mathcal{A})\to\mathbb{Q}^{\times}$, defined by $\langle\widehat{A},\widehat{B}\rangle=|\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal{A}}(A,B)|/|\mathrm{Ext}^1_{\mathcal{A}}(A,B)|$, is a bilinear form on the Grothendieck group $K_0( \mathcal{A})$. The multiplicative Euler form $\langle-,-\rangle\colon K_0({\mathcal{C}}^b( \mathcal{A}))\times K_0({\mathcal{C}}^b( \mathcal{A}))\to\mathbb{Q}^{\times}$ for the category ${\mathcal{C}}^b( \mathcal{A})$, defined by $\langle[M],[N]\rangle=\prod_{p=0}^{+\infty}|\mathrm{Ext}^p_{\mathcal{C}^b(\mathcal{A})}(M,N)|^{(-1)^p}$, is a bilinear form on the Grothendieck group $K_0(\mathcal{C}^b(\mathcal{A}))$. Now let $\varepsilon$ be an essentially small exact category, linear over a finite field and finitary. For any three objects $A,B,C$ of $\varepsilon$, let $\mathrm{Ext}^1_\varepsilon(A,C)_B\subseteq \mathrm{Ext}^1_\varepsilon(A,C)$ be the subset consisting of the extensions with middle term isomorphic ot $B$. The Ringel-Hall algebra $ \mathcal{H}(\varepsilon)$ is the $\mathbb{Q}$-vector space with basis the isomorphism classes $[A]$ of objects $A$ of $\varepsilon$ and with multiplication defined by \[ [A]\diamond[C]=\sum_{[B]\in \mathrm{Iso}(\varepsilon)}\frac{|\mathrm{Ext}^1_\varepsilon(A,C)_B|}{|\mathrm{Hom}_\varepsilon(A,C)|}[B]. \] The algebra $ \mathcal{H}(\varepsilon)$ is associative and unitary. Now let $ \mathcal{H}({\mathcal{C}}^b( \mathcal{A}))$ be the Ringel-Hall algebra of ${\mathcal{C}}^b( \mathcal{A})$. Let $I$ be the ideal of $ \mathcal{H}({\mathcal{C}}^b( \mathcal{A}))$ generated by all differences $[L]-[K\oplus M]$ for all short exact sequences $0\to K\to L\to M\to 0$ in ${\mathcal{C}}^b( \mathcal{A})$ with $K$ acyclic. Let $S$ be the multiplicatively closed subset of the quotient algebra $ \mathcal{H}({\mathcal{C}}^b( \mathcal{A}))/I$ consisting of all elements $q[K]$, where $q\in\mathbb{Q}^{\times}$ and $K\in {\mathcal{C}}^b_{ac}( \mathcal{A})$. The modified Ringel-Hall algebra of bounded complexes of $ \mathcal{A}$ is $ \mathcal{MH}({ \mathcal{A})=( \mathcal{H}({\mathcal{C}}^b( \mathcal{A}))}/I)[S^{-1}]$. Making use of this notion, the authors give a new proof of Green's formula on Ringel-Hall numbers. The authors also show that in some twisted cases the derived Hall algebra can be embedded in the modified Ringel-Hall algebra.