Riemann-Hurwitz formula for finite morphisms of \(p\)-adic curves (Q1745326)

Let $k$ be a complete non-archimedean non-trivially valued algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$. The main purpose of this paper is to prove a Riemann-Hurwitz formula for a wide class of finite morphisms $\varphi:Y\to X$ of Berkovich curves over $k$; namely, $X$, $Y$ are supposed to be strict, connected quasi smooth $k$-analytic curves that admit a partition into finitely many affinoid domains with good canonical reduction and finitely many open annuli. The relevant cohomology theory with respect to which the Euler-Poincaré characteristics entering the Riemann-Hurwitz formula are formed is de Rham cohomology for overconvergent structure sheaves (which essentially comes down to the de Rham cohomology of associated dagger curves). \par More precisely, the main theorem states the formula \[ \chi(Y)=\text{deg}(\varphi)\chi(X)-\sum_{P\in Y(k)}(e_P-1)-\sum_{\mathbf t\in TY}\nu(\varphi,\mathbf t) \] where $e_P$ is the ramification index at $P$, where $\chi(X)=\sum_{i=0}^2(-1)^i\dim_kH_{dR}^i(X)$ is the (overconvergent de Rham) Euler-Poincaré characteristic of $X$, and similarly for $\chi(Y)$, and where the $\nu(\varphi,\mathbf t)$ are additional contributions at ``tangent''-points $\mathbf t\in TY$. \par The formula generalizes formulas known previously under more restrictive hypotheses on $X, Y$. The proof is very geometric. One tool is the following Runge-type theorem: \par Let $Y$ be a strict quasi-smooth $k$-affinoid curve, let $Y'$ be its simple projectivization. For each connected component $D_i$ in $Y'-Y$ pick $y_i\in D_i(k)$. Then the ring of rational functions on $Y'$ with possible poles only at the $y_i$'s is dense in the ring of holomorphic functions on $Y$ (with respect to the spectral norm). \par This theorem allows to prove a local version of the Riemann-Hurwitz formula first (by reduction to the classical Riemann-Hurwitz formula). Then, partitioning $X$ and $Y$ suitably -- i.e. using ``strictly $\varphi$-compatible triangulations'', the global case is deduced. \par Besides the stated formula and its proof, a lot of useful material on the modern status of the rich theory of analytic curves over non-archimedean fields can be found in the article.