Bilinear oscillatory integrals and boundedness for new bilinear multipliers (Q1959443)

The authors consider the bilinear case of classes of multilinear pseudo-product type operators. The specific class under study has the form \[ B_\lambda (f,g) =\mathcal{F}^{-1} \int_{\mathbb{R}^d} m(\eta,\xi-\eta) e^{i\lambda \phi (\eta,\xi-\eta)}\widehat{f} (\eta)\, \widehat{g}(\xi-\eta) \, d\eta. \] The main problem studied is that of determining conditions on \(m\) and \(\phi\) under which \(B_\lambda\) is bounded between suitable \(L^p\)-spaces. Potential applications of the general multilinear case to PDEs are also discussed. The case of polynomial phase is discussed in Section 3. In the remainder, nondegeneracy of the following matrix functions of \(\phi\) are imposed throughout: \[ \text{Hess}\, \phi, \nabla_\xi (\nabla_\eta -\nabla_\xi)\phi, (2\nabla_\eta-\nabla_\xi)(\nabla_\xi -\nabla_\eta)\phi, \,\text{and}\, (\nabla_\eta -2\nabla_\xi)\nabla_\xi \phi . \] These nondegeneracy conditions allow one to obtain bounds on a corresponding trilinear form. One of the first main theorems (Theorem 4.5) assumes that \(\phi\) and \(m\) are smooth and have compact support in \(\mathbb{R}^{2d}\) and that exponents \(p,q,r\) satisfy \(1+{1\over r}{1\over p}+{1\over q}\leq 2-{1\over r}\) and \({1\over p}\leq {1\over q}+{1\over r}\) and \({1\over q}\leq {1\over p}+{1\over r}\). Under these hypotheses it is shown that there is a constant \(C\) depending on \(p,q,r,\phi\) and \(m\) such that \[ \|B_\lambda (f,g)\|_{L^r} \leq C |\lambda|^{-{d\over 2}({1\over p}+{1\over q}-{1\over r})} \|f\|_{L^p}\|g\|_{L^q}. \] This result follows from interpolating between the cases \(r=\infty\), \(p=q=1\) and \(r=2\), \(p=2\) and \(q=1\). The result is extended to the case in which \(m\) is supported in a submanifold of \(\mathbb{R}^{2d}\) in Section 5. In Section 6, the case of Coifman-Meyer type symbols satisfying \[ |\partial_\eta^\alpha \partial_\xi^\beta m(\eta,\xi)|\leq {C\over (|\xi|+|\eta|)^{|\alpha|+|\beta|}} \] for sufficiently many multi-indices \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) is considered. Here one assumes that \(\phi\) is a homogeneous polynomial of degree two and \(m\) has compact support. Then, under the same nondegeneracy conditions and exponent conditions one has (Theorem 6.7) the same estimate on \( \|B_\lambda (f,g)\|_{L^r}\) in terms of \(\|f\|_{L^p}\|g\|_{L^q}\) as above. In this case the result follows from similar endpoint cases as above along with Calderón-Zygmund theory applied to a certain self-adjoint operator associated to \(B_\lambda\). Section 7 extends to the case in which the symbol \(m\) depends on \(x\) but still satisfies the Coifman-Meyer estimates independent of \(x\). In Section 8, it is shown that the range of exponents considered in Theorems 4.5 and 6.7 is sharp by providing several counterexamples for exponents outside the given range. Finally, in Section 9 some extensions to operators with non-smooth symbols are provided.