Birkhoff-James orthogonality and applications: a survey (Q1980919)

This is a nice survey article on Birkhoff-James orthogonality and its applications. There are various notions of orthogonality in a Banach space, undoubtedly the most important one is Birkhoff-James orthogonality. The authors discuss different properties of Birkhoff-James orthogonality like right additivity, left additivity and symmetry. One of the most remarkable results on Birkhoff-James orthogonality in recent times is the relation between orthogonality of operators and that of elements in the domain space, studied independently by \textit{R.~Bhatia} and \textit{P.~Šemrl} [Linear Algebra Appl. 287, No.~1--3, 77--85 (1999; Zbl 0937.15023)] and \textit{K.~Paul} [Sci. Math. 2, No.~1, 119--122 (1999; Zbl 0952.47032)], which states that, if \(T, A\) are two bounded linear operators on a finite dimensional Hilbert space \(\mathbb{H},\) then \( T \perp_B A\) if and only if there exists \( x \in \mathbb{H}, \|x\|=1 \) such that \( \|Tx\|=\|T\|\) and \( Tx \perp_B Ax.\). This result and its different variants are discussed in the settings of \(M_n(\mathbb C)\), \(M_n(\mathbb R)\), \(C^*\)-algebras and Hilbert \(C^*\)-modules. As applications of orthogonality, the authors also present several distance formulae in different settings assuming the existence of a best approximation to an element of a subspace. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1471.47002].