Canonical models for the forward and backward iteration of holomorphic maps (Q2012948)

A model for the forward iteration of \(f\) is a complex manifold \(\Lambda\) together with a holomorphic map \(h:X\rightarrow \Lambda\) and an automorphism \(\varphi :\Lambda \rightarrow \Lambda\) so that \(h\circ f=\varphi \circ h\), together with the requirement that \(h\) is univalent on an \(f\)-absorbing domain \(A\subset X\) (such a domain satisfies the properties that \(f(A)\subset A\) and any forward orbit of \(f\) eventually lies in \(A\)). Dually, a pre-model for the backward iteration of \(f\) is a complex manifold \(\Lambda\) together with a holomorphic map \(h:\Lambda \rightarrow X\) and an automorphism \(\varphi :\Lambda \rightarrow \Lambda\) such that \(h\circ \varphi =f\circ h\). This subject may be traced to at least the work of \textit{G. Koenigs} [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (3) 1, 1--41 (1884; JFM 16.0376.01)] on solving the Schröder equation: Given \(f:\mathbb{D}\rightarrow \mathbb{D}\), where \(\mathbb{D}\) is the unit disk, so that \(f(0)=0\) and \(0<|f'(0)|<1\), find a holomorphic map \(h:\mathbb{D}\rightarrow \mathbb{C}\) so that \(h\circ f=f'(0)h\) and \(h'(0)=1\). Such an \(h\) is unique and semi-conjugates \(f\) to a linear map on \(\mathbb{C}\). This paper by Leandro Arosio constructs canonical models (those models which satisfy a universal property) for holomorphic selfmaps \(f:X\rightarrow X\) of a complex manifold \(X\). For holomorphic maps of the \(1\)-dimensional unit disk satisfying certain properties, models and pre-models (where \(\Lambda =\mathbb{H}\) is the upper-half plane and \(\varphi \) a linear map) have been constructed by Valiron and Poggi-Corradini respectively. In this case the model and pre-model are isomorphic to \(X\). These can be seen as solutions to a general Schröder equation at the boundary of the disk. In higher dimensions, in previous works the author constructed together with coauthors canonical models and premodels for univalent self-maps of cocompact Kobayashi complex manifolds \(X\). These canonical models \(\Lambda =Z\) are holomorphic retracts of \(X\). In the current paper, the author extends these results to the case where \(f\) is no longer univalent. This poses new difficulties. For forward iterations, the author constructs an associated direct limit of autonomous dynamical systems and shows that the natural quotient of this direct limit can be equipped with a complex structure and is indeed a model. In the non-univalent case, this direct limit may itself has no natural complex structure in compliance with the dynamics. For backward iterations, the author constructs an associated inverse limit of autonomous dynamical systems and shows that it has a natural complex structure. To do so, the author conjugates this inverse limit to a non-autonomous holomorphic forward dynamical system which admits a relatively compact forward orbit. Hence, a duality between forward and backward iterations is utilised. As a consequence, in the case \(X=\mathbb{B}^q\) and \(f\) a hyperbolic self-map satisfying similar conditions as in Valiron's result mentioned above, the author shows that the same model \((\mathbb{H}, \varphi )\) in dimension \(1\) also works in higher dimensions.