Homeomorphisms on the real line preserving BMO and BLO (Q2052776)

A real-valued function \(f:\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\) is said to have bounded lower oscillation (\(f\in {\text{BLO}}\)) if \(\|f\|_{\text{BLO}}=\sup_Q (f_Q-{\operatorname{ess\, inf}}_Q f)< \infty\). The set of BLO functions is strictly contained in \({\text{BMO}}(\Omega)\). It is not itself a vector space, but \(\|\cdot\|_{\text{BLO}}\) is still called the BLO-norm. There are two main results.\par The first is as follows. Let \(h:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\) be an increasing homomorphism. Then \(f\circ h^{-1}\in \) BLO for each \(f\in \) BLO if and only if \(h'\in A_1 =\bigcap_{p>1} A_p\) (where \(A_p\) are the Muckenhoupt weight classes). This result complements the corresponding fact for BMO where \(h'\in A_1\) is replaced by \(h'\in A_\infty\).\par The second main result quantifies a bound of the BMO norm in terms of the BLO norm:\par (i) For every \(f\in {\text{ BMO}}\), \(\|f\circ h^{-1}\|_{\text{ BMO}} \leq C (h')_{A_\infty} \|f\|_{\text{ BMO}}\) and \par (ii) for every \(f\in \) BLO, \(\|f\circ h^{-1}\|_{\text{ BMO}} \leq \frac{2}{e} C (h')_{A_\infty} \|f\|_{\text{ BLO}}\) with \(C=e^{(4/e)+1}\) when \((w)_{A_\infty}=\sup_{Q\subset\Omega}\frac{1}{|Q|}\int_Q M(w {1}_Q)\), where \(M\) is the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function.\par The second inequality follows from \(\|f\|_{\text{ BMO}} \leq \frac{2}{e} \|f\|_{\text{BLO}}\), which is considered as a separate theorem.\par The first theorem is proved using the relation \(w\circ h^{-1}\in A_1\) for each \(w\in A_1\) if and only if \(h'\in A_1\), and that \(f\in \) BLO implies that \(e^{\lambda f}\in A_1\) for some \(\lambda>0\). The second theorem uses the reverse Hölder condition property of \(h'\in A_\infty\) along with the John-Nirenberg inequality to establish the desired bound. Optimal constants are due to \textit{A. K. Lerner} [C. R., Math., Acad. Sci. Paris 351, No. 11--12, 463--466 (2013; Zbl 1275.42037)] and \textit{A. Korenovskiĭ} [Mean oscillations and equimeasurable rearrangements of functions. Berlin: Springer (2007; Zbl 1133.42035)].